технические науки

отраслевые издания

конструкции

The wind energy industry in Germany has an excellent global standing when it comes to the development and construction of wind turbines. Germany currently represents the world's largest market for wind energy. The ongoing development of ever more powerful wind turbines plus additional requirements for the design and construction of their offshore foundation structures exceeds the actual experiences gained so far in the various disciplines concerned. This book gives a comprehensive overview for planning and structural design analysis of reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete wind turbine towers for both, onshore and offshore wind turbines. Wind turbines represent structures subjected to highly dynamic loading patterns. Therefore, for the design of loadbearing structures, fatigue effects – and not just maximum loads – are extremely important, in particular in the connections and joints of concrete and hybrid structures. There multi-axial stress conditions occure which so far are not covered by the design codes. The specific actions, the nonlinear behaviour and modeling for the structural analysis are explained. Design and verification with a focus on fatigue are adressed. The chapter Manufacturing includes hybrid structures, segmental construction of pre-stressed concrete towers and offshore wind turbine foundations. Selected chapters from the German concrete yearbook are now being published in the new English «Beton-Kalender Series» for the benefit of an international audience. Since it was founded in 1906, the Ernst & Sohn «Beton-Kalender» has been supporting developments in reinforced and prestressed concrete. The aim was to publish a yearbook to reflect progress in «ferro-concrete» structures until – as the book's first editor, Fritz von Emperger (1862-1942), expressed it – the «tempestuous development» in this form of construction came to an end. However, the «Beton-Kalender» quickly became the chosen work of reference for civil and structural engineers, and apart from the years 1945-1950 has been published annually ever since.


эротическая литература

Concrete Structures for Wind Turbines

The European pre-standard CEN/TS 1992-4 for the design of fastenings by means of headed studs, anchor channels as well as post-installed mechanical and chemical anchors is ready for use. The background and interpretation of the provisions related to the determination of actions and resistances based on limit state design, durability, fire resistance, fatigue and earthquake actions as required by CEN/TS 1992 are described in detail. Selected chapters from the German concrete yearbook are now being published in the new English «Beton-Kalender Series» for the benefit of an international audience. Since it was founded in 1906, the Ernst & Sohn «Beton-Kalender» has been supporting developments in reinforced and prestressed concrete. The aim was to publish a yearbook to reflect progress in «ferro-concrete» structures until – as the book's first editor, Fritz von Emperger (1862-1942), expressed it – the «tempestuous development» in this form of construction came to an end. However, the «Beton-Kalender» quickly became the chosen work of reference for civil and structural engineers, and apart from the years 1945-1950 has been published annually ever since. 


любовные романы

короткие любовные романы

Design of Fastenings for Use in Concrete. The CEN/TS 1992-4 Provisions

Worldwide, the use of natural gas as a primary energy source will remain vital for decades to come. This applies to industrialized, emerging countries and developing countries. Owing to the low level of impurities, natural gas is considered to be a climate-friendly fossil fuel because of the low CO2 emissions, but is at the same time an affordable source of energy. In order to enable transport over long distances and oceans (and hence create an economic and political alternative to pipelines) , the gas is liquefied, which is accompanied by a considerable reduction in volume, and then transported by ship. Thus, at international ports, many LNG tanks are required for temporary storage and further use. The trend towards smaller liquefaction and regasification plants with associated storage tanks for marine fuel applications has attracted new players in this market who often do not yet have the necessary experience and technical expertise. It is not sufficient to refer to all existing technical standards when defining consistent state-of-the-art specifications and requirements. The switch to European standardisation has made it necessary to revise and adapt existing national codes to match European standards. Technical committees at national and international level have begun their work of updating and completing the EN 14620 series. In the USA, too, the corresponding regulations are also being updated. The revision of American Concrete Institute standard ACI 376 Requirements for Design and Construction of Concrete Structures for the Containment of Refrigerated Liquefied Gases, first published in 2011, will be completed in the spring of 2019, and the final version, published in autumn 2019. This book provides an overview of the state of the art in the design and construction of liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanks. Since the topic is very extensive and complex, an introduction to all aspects is provided, e. g. requirements and design for operating conditions, thermal design, hydrostatic and pneumatic tests, soil surveys and permissible settlement, modelling of and calculations for the concrete structure, and the actions due to fire, explosion and impact. Dynamic analysis and the theory of sloshing liquid are also presented.


Konrad Bergmeister