Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 3 of 3
12
Grote’s Hist. Greece, vol. ii. pp. 94, 96.
13
Ibid. p. 105.
14
Ar. Eth. Nic. i. 2.
15
Thuc. i. 13.
16
Ar. Pol. III. xiv. xv. V. x.
17
Il. ix. 297.
18
Il. i. 186.
19
Il. ix. 392.
20
Od. xiii. 265.
21
Il. xi. 709, 39, 50.
22
Il. xiii. 685-700.
23
Il. xiii. 701-8.
24
Il. ix. 381.
25
Il. v. 707-10.
26
Thuc. i. 2.
27
B. xii. 8, 4. p. 572.
28
Od. viii. 391. vi. 54.
29
Od. i. 394.
30
Ibid. 386.
31
Od. xvii. 416.
32
Od. xxiv. 179.
33
Od. xxii. 136.
34
See inf. ‘Ilios.’
35
Il. vii. 469.
36
Il. vi. 395-7. 425.
37
There is a nexus of ideas attached to these towns that excites suspicion. It would have been in keeping with the character of Agamemnon to offer them to Achilles, on account of his having already found he could not control them himself. No one of them appears in the Catalogue. Nor do we hear of them in the Nineteenth Book, when the gifts are accepted. It seems, however, just possible that the promise by Menelaus of the hand of his daughter Hermione to Neoptolemus may have been an acquittance of a residue of debt standing over from the original offer of Agamemnon, out of which the seven towns appear to have dropped by consent of all parties.
38
Il. xi. 20.
39
Il. xxiii. 296.
40
Od. ii. 324, 331, et alibi. The epithet is, I think, exactly rendered by another word very difficult to translate into English, the Italian prepotenti.
41
I need hardly express my dissent from the account given of the βασιλεὺς and ἄναξ in the note on Grote’s History of Greece, vol. II. p. 84. There is no race in Troas called βασιλεύτατον. Every βασιλεὺς was an ἄναξ; but many an ἄναξ was not a βασιλεύς. It is true that an ἄναξ might be ἄναξ either of freemen or of slaves; but so he might of houses (Od. i. 397), of fishes (Il. xiii. 28), or of dogs (Od. xvii. 318).
42
Il. xvi. 386.
43
Od. i. 391-3.
44
Il. ix. 155.
45
Od. ii. 230-4.
46
Od. v. 8-12.
47
Od. xviii. 83-6 and 114.
48
Od. xxi. 308.
49
Od. xx. 382, 3.
50
Hesiod Ἔργ. i. 39. 258. cf. 262.
51
Il. xviii. 556.
52
Hes. Theog. 80-97.
53
Thuc. i. 13.
54
Il. i. 231.
55
Il. iii. 179.
56
Od. ii. 47.
57
Hesiod. Ἔργ. 17-24.
58
The title is stated to have been applied in Attica even to the decennial archons. Tittmann, Griechische Staatsverfassungen, b. ii. p. 70.
59
Il. ii. 205.
60
Il. ii. 101.
61
Il. ix. 334.
62
Il. ii. 53 et alibi.
63
Il. xix. 309. ii. 86.
64
Il. ii. 487, 493. xx. 303.
65
Il. ii. 404, and vii. 327. On the force of Παναχαιοὶ, see Achæis, or Ethnology, p. 420.
66
Il. ii. 188.
67
Il. vii. 167-70.
68
Il. x. 175, connected with 195.
69
Il. x. 196, 7.
70
Il. ix. 607.
71
Il. ii. 736, 7. vii. 167. xi. 819.
72
Il. xvii. 51. ii. 673.
73
Il. xxiv. 631.
74
Il. ii. 674. Od. xvi. 175. Il. iii. 224, 169, 226, and Od. xi. 469.
75
Hist. vol. ii. p. 87.
76
Il. xvii. 225.
77
Il. ix. 394.
78
Il. xvii. 520. Od. xii. 83.
79
Il. ii. 660.
80
Nor is it applied in the Odyssey to any bodies more numerous than the thirteen ‘kings’ of Scheria, Od. v. 378; and to them in the character of kings.
81
Od. i. 386.
82
Il. xxiii. 653.
83
Il. x. 352.
84
Il. xxiii. 750.
85
Il. xxiii. 670.
86
Il. ix. 186.
87
Od. xviii. 366-75.
88
Od. xix. 500-2.
89
In Od. xxii. 417, he applies to Euryclea for the information, which he had before declined. This is after the trial of the Bow: the other was before it was proposed, and when the Chief probably reckoned on having himself more time for observation than proved to be the case.
90
Il. i. 334.
91
Il. ix. 197.
92
Il. xxiv. 486.
93
Od. ii. 33, 5.
94
Od. viii. 159. and seqq.
95
Il. iv. 231 and seqq.
96
Od. i. 40.
97
Il. x. 32.
98
ὅ τοι γενεῇ πατρώϊόν ἐστιν, Od. i. 387.
99
Od. i. 396. ii. 182.
100
Od. i. 396.
101
Od. ii. 82.
102
Od. xi. 254, 6.
103
Od. xi. 281.
104
Od. iii. 36.
105
Od. iii. 402. Il. vi. 242-50.
106
Od. iii. 439-46 and 454.
107
Il. xv. 204-7.
108
Od. xiii. 141.
109
Od. xiv. 74. 94.
110
Il. xviii. 498.
111
Il. ii. 204.
112
Il. i. 237.
113
Il. ix. 98.
114
Il. xviii. 506.
115
Il. xvi. 386.
116
Il. iii. 179.
117
Il. vi. 207.
118
Od. xiv. 98.
119
Il. xii. 310-28.
120
Gen. xliii. 11.
121
Il. vii. 467-75.
122
Od. vii. 8-11.
123
Il. xviii. 508.
124
Od. xvii. 68.
125
Il. vii. 313.
126
Il. ix. 70.
127
Od. vii. 49, 108.
128
Ibid. 73.
129
Il. ix. 155.
130
Il. x. 239.
131
Thuc. i. 9.
132
Od. iv. 584.
133
Od. ix. 263.
134
Il. ii. 303-7. 339-41.
135
Ibid. 308, 322.
136
Il. iv. 169-72.
137
Od. vii. 77.
138
Il. ix. 356-63, 417-20.
139
Il. iv. 415-8.
140
Il. i. 117.
141
Il. vi. 45-62.
142
Il. iv. 473-9.
143
Il. ix. 459.
144
Il. xxii. 485. Od. xxiv. 434.
145
Od. xi. 85.
146
Od. iv. 10-12.
147
Od. xvii. 383.
148
Il. vi. 314.
149
Od. iii. 267.
150
Od. xvii. 263. xxiv. 439.
151
Od. xix. 135.
152
Od. viii. 161.
153
Od. i. 183.
154
Od. xxiv.
155
Hist. Greece ii. p. 84.
156
Od. xvi. 248, 253, also δαιτρὸς, Od. i. 141. There were likewise in Scheria nine αἰσυμνῆται, who made arrangements for the dance. These were public officers (δήμιοι) and may fairly be rendered ‘masters of the ceremonies.’ (Od. viii. 258.)
157
Od. xiv. 449-52.
158
Od. xxiv. 498.
159
Od. xvii. 320-3.
160
Od. xi. 489-91.
161
Od. xiii. 223.
162
Il. i. 321.
163
Il. xxiv. 396-400.
164
Od. ii. 17.
165
Ibid. 474.
166
Od. xxiv. 387. 497.
167
Il. ii. 110.
168
Od. xiv. 222.
169
Il. ix. 70-73, 330-3. i. 121.
170
Il. xi. 100, 110.
171
Od. xiv. 96-104.
172
The gods, Il. i. 599 et alibi. The rich man, Il. xi. 68. Od. i. 217. The happy man, Od. vi. 158. xi. 482. Il. iii. 182. xxiv. 377.
173
Il. vi. 236.
174
Il. ii. 448, 9.
175
Il. xxiii. 702-5.
176
Il. xxi. 79.
177
Od. xxii. 57-9.
178
Agam. 37.
179
Il. xxiii. 740-51.
180
Pol. iii. 14. 5.
181
Vid. Achæis or Ethnology, p. 574.
182
Even the instance, in Il. xiii. 211, of a nameless person who had simply been wounded is a rare, if not indeed the single, exception.
183
Il. xiii. 685.
184
Il. ii. 333.
185
Il. xviii. 509, 13, 20.
186
Il. i. 226.
187
Il. xiii. 276-86.
188
Od. iv. 277-88.
189
Il. xxiii. 791.
190
Il. ii. 408-9.
191
Il. ix. 10. 89.
192
Il. x. 195.
193
Il. i. 54. xix. 41.
194
Il. vii. 344, 382.
195
Il. iii. 146-53.
196
Il. xviii. 506.
197
Od. ii. 14.
198
Od. xxi. 21.
199
Il. iv. 329-63.
200
Ibid. 385-418.
201
Il. ix. 37.
202
Cf. Od. xi. 512.
203
Hist. of Greece, vol. ii. 95, 97.
204
Grote ii. 104.
205
Il. ix. 30.
206
Ibid. 50.
207
Il. ix. 79.
208
Ibid. 97.
209
Il. xix. 182.
210
Grote’s Hist. vol. ii. pp. 90, 2.
211
He uses the epithet for battle in Il. iv. 225, 6. 124, 7. 113, 8. 448, 12. 325, 13. 270, 14. 155, and 24. 391.
212
Il. ix. 438-43.
213
Od. ii. 150.
214
Od. viii. 170-3.
215
Od. viii. 166-85.
216
Il. ii. 212.
217
Od. iii. 23, 124.
218
Il. iii. 213.
219
Il. iii. 150.
220
Il. i. 248.
221
Il. iii. 216, 23.
222
Il. xi. 122-42.
223
Od. xxii. 310-25.
224
The version of Voss is very accurate, but, I think, lifeless. The version of Cowper is at this point not satisfactory: he weakens, by exaggerating, the delicate expression μεμήλῃ:
Look thou forth at early dawn,And, if such spectacle delight thee aught,Thou shalt behold me cleaving with my prows, &c.The version of Pope simply omits the line!
Tomorrow we the favouring gods implore:Then shall you see our parting vessels crowned,And hear with oars the Hellespont resound.225
Il. ix. 340.
226
Il. i. 106-244.
227
Il. ix. 387.
228
Il. i. 127.
229
ii. 227.
230
Il. i. 121-9.
231
Ibid. 149-71.
232
Ibid. 225.
233
Ibid. 231.
234
Ibid. 239.
235
Il. ii. 213.
236
φολκός. See Buttmann, Liddell and Scott. Commonly rendered ‘squinting.’
237
Il. ii. 214-19.
238
Ibid. 275, 220.
239
Il. ix. 198.
240
In 237 he appears to follow what Achilles had said i. 170.
241
Il. ii. 241, 2.
242
Il. ii. 229-31.
243
xxi. 40, 79. xxii. 44.
244
246-56.
245
Grote’s Hist. Greece, vol. ii. 95, 6.
246
Ibid. pp. 96, 98.
247
Il. ii. 198.
248
Ibid. 190, 200.
249
vv. 271-8.
250
Il. ii. 270.
251
Il. xviii. 502.
252
Il. vii. 381.
253
Sup. p. 100.
254
Od. iii. 139.
255
Od. ii. 212.
256
Od. ii. 239-41.
257
Griech. Staatsv. b. ii. p. 57.
258
Od. ii. 257. Il. i. 305.
259
Od. vii. 151.
260
Od. vii. 189-94, 317.
261
Od. viii. 7-15.
262
The number deserves remark. Fifty, as we know from the Catalogue, was a regular ship’s crew of rowers. What were the two? Probably a commander, and a steersman. The dual is used in both the places where the numbers are mentioned (κρινάσθων, ver. 36, κρινθέντε, 48, βήτην, 49). There are other passages where the dual extends beyond the number two, to three and four. See Nitzsch, in loc. But the use of it here with so large a number is remarkable, and may be best explained by supposing that it refers to the δύω, who were the principal men of the crew, and that the fifty are not regarded as forming part of the subject of the verb. If this be so, the passage shows us in a very simple form the rudimentary nautical order of the Greek ships.
263
Od. viii. 38.
264
Od. viii. 158-64.
265
Od. viii. 157.
266
Probably the strictly proper name of the Assembly, as distinguished from the place of meeting, is ἄγυρις or πανήγυρις (as Od. iii. 131), but the name common to the two prevails.
267
Od. xxiv. 463.
268
Od. xxiv. 546.
269
Besides all the particulars which have been cited, we have incidental notices scattered about the poems, which tend exactly in the same direction. For example, when Chryses prays for the restitution of his daughter, his petition is addressed principally to the two Atridæ, but it is likewise addressed to the whole body of Ἀχαιοὶ (Il. i. 15), that is, either to the entire army, or at any rate to all the kings; or, to all the members of the Achæan race. This we may compare with the application of the prayer of Ulysses in Scheria to the king and people.
270
Il. viii. 28, 9. ix. 430, 1.
271
Il. viii. 38-40.
272
Il. i. 5.
273
Il. iv. 17-19.
274
Od. ii. 68, 9.
275
Il. xviii. 497.
276
Il. xi. 807.
277
Od. ix. 112-15.
278
Tittmann Griech. Staatsv. b. ii. p. 56.
279
Il. ix. 404.
280
Achæis, or Ethnology, sect. ix. p. 496.
281
Il. viii. 47, 8.
282
Il. iii. 298.
283
Il. iv. 48.
284
Il. xxi. 442 seqq. vii. 459. xii. 17.
285
Olympus, sect. iii. p. 197.
286
Il. vi. 298-300. 305-10.
287
Il. v. 446.
288
Il i. 37-9.
289
Il. vii. 540. xiii. 827.
290
Il. i. 457.
291
Il. v. 49.
292
Il. v. 421-5. 348-51. iii. 405-9.
293
Il. v. 9. and 20-4.
294
Il. xiv. 490.
295
Il. iii. 103. 116.
296
Il. xviii. 239.
297
Il. xxiv. 234-5.
298
Il. vi. 289-92.
299
Herod. ii. 50.
300
Döllinger Heid. u. Jud. VI. iii. p. 411.
301
Rhea (ἔρα) shows us the fourth and cosmogonic side of the same conception.
302
Olympus, sect. iii. p. 234.
303
Il. xiv. 490.
304
Il. xxiv. 194.
305
Olympus, sect. v.
306
Il. xxiv. 347, 355, 358-60.
307
Il. v. 77.
308
Il. ix. 575.
309
Od. xv. 223 and seqq.
310
Il. xxi. 331 and seqq.
311
Il. xx. 7.
312
Il. xxi. 130-2.
313
Il. iv. 474, 488.
314
Il. v. 49.
315
Od. v. 445.
316
Il. xxiii. 144.
317
Il. xi. 728.
318
Il. xx. 221.
319
Il. iii. 147-9. xv. 525-7.
320
Il. xiv. 271. xv. 37.
321
Il. 2. 751-5.
322
Compare Il. iii. 276. xix. 258.
323
Il. xx. 74.
324
Il. xxi. 308.
325
Od. xiii. 356.
326
Od. xiii. 103.
327
Ibid. 96.
328
Od. xvii. 208-11.
329
Il. vi. 21.
330
Il. xiv. 444.
331
Il. xx. 384.
332
Il. xxii. 435. xxiv. 209.
333
Il. ix. 559.
334
Il. xix. 90-133.
335
Il. xxiv. 602-17.
336
Od. xx. 66.
337
Od. xxi. 295-304.
338
Il. v. 697, and vii. 60.
339
Il. xxiv. 220.
340
Il. xxiv. 223, 194.
341
Sup. p. 155.
342
Il. vi. 422. xxii. 482.
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