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Fermat’s Last Theorem
Fermat’s Last Theorem
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Fermat’s Last Theorem

Fermat’s Last Theorem
Simon Singh

The extraordinary story of the solving of a puzzle that has confounded mathematicians since the 17th century. The solution of Fermat’s Last Theorem is the most important mathematical development of the 20th century.In 1963 a schoolboy browsing in his local library stumbled across the world’s greatest mathematical problem: Fermat’s Last Theorem, a puzzle that every child can understand but which has baffled mathematicians for over 300 years. Aged just ten, Andrew Wiles dreamed that he would crack it. Wiles’s lifelong obsession with a seemingly simple challenge set by a long-dead Frenchman is an emotional tale of sacrifice and extraordinary determination. In the end, Wiles was forced to work in secrecy and isolation for seven years, harnessing all the power of modern maths to achieve his childhood dream. Many before him had tried and failed, including a 18-century philanderer who was killed in a duel. An 18-century Frenchwoman made a major breakthrough in solving the riddle, but she had to attend maths lectures at the Ecole Polytechnique disguised as a man since women were forbidden entry to the school. A remarkable story of human endeavour and intellectual brilliance over three centuries, Fermat ‘s Last Theorem will fascinate both specialist and general readers.

SIMON SINGH

Fermat’s Last Theorem

THE STORY OF A RIDDLE THAT CONFOUNDED THE

WORLD’S GREATEST MINDS FOR 358 YEARS

Copyright (#ulink_e228dbbd-1600-5e3a-a2cc-4af1fbfe0c77)

William Collins

An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers Ltd.

1 London Bridge Street

London SE1 9GF

www.harpercollins.co.uk (http://www.harpercollins.co.uk)

First published in paperback by Fourth Estate in 2002 (reprinted 4 times)

First published in Great Britain in 1997 by Fourth Estate

Copyright © 1997 by Simon Singh

Foreword copyright © 1997 by John Lynch

Line illustrations by Jed Mugford

The right of Simon Singh to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this ebook on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins ebooks

HarperCollinsPublishers has made every reasonable effort to ensure that any picture content and written content in this ebook has been included or removed in accordance with the contractual and technological constraints in operation at the time of publication

Source ISBN: 9781841157917

Ebook Edition © NOVEMBER 2012 ISBN: 9780007381999

Version: 2017-08-14

Dedication (#uc600590b-13b7-5e89-85f9-997c69c05a60)

In memory

of

Pakhar Singh Birring

CONTENTS

Cover (#ufb5edb55-19ca-5056-b817-8b6437426998)

Title Page (#u83f4818c-c3b1-5e18-aa28-0fa327219616)

Copyright (#uaa6534fa-68f6-5e09-b9d6-cd65d2a3bd4d)

Dedication (#u9f2c91ce-717f-50a0-8e40-46e2960f120a)

Foreword (#uef2d83c4-b00a-5e8e-a712-c49230bc3ef7)

Preface (#u69086df3-aefe-53f3-99f4-8ec1efd9983a)

1 - ‘I Think I’ll Stop Here’ (#u890812f6-46d7-50f6-951b-57d4777d1b4f)

2 - The Riddler (#u06677994-f837-5bd0-be53-be6ef376a28b)

3 - A Mathematical Disgrace (#litres_trial_promo)

4 - Into Abstraction (#litres_trial_promo)

5 - Proof by Contradiction (#litres_trial_promo)

6 - The Secret Calculation (#litres_trial_promo)

7 - A Slight Problem (#litres_trial_promo)

Epilogue - Grand Unified Mathematics (#litres_trial_promo)

Keep Reading (#litres_trial_promo)

Appendices (#litres_trial_promo)

Suggestions for Further Reading (#litres_trial_promo)

Index (#litres_trial_promo)

About the Author (#litres_trial_promo)

Also by the Author (#litres_trial_promo)

About the Publisher (#litres_trial_promo)