The Skills: From First Job to Dream Job - What Every Woman Needs to Know
Copyright
4th Estate
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This eBook first published in Great Britain by 4th Estate in 2018
Copyright © Mishal Husain 2018
Mishal Husain asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work
Graphs here, here and here redrawn by Martin Brown; images here redrawn by Joe Bright.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
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Source ISBN: 9780008220631
Ebook Edition © September 2018 ISBN: 9780008220648
Version: 2018-08-16
Dedication
For my parents, Shama and Tazi
Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Introduction
My journey to this book • Overcoming doubt • Finding my courage
Where We Are
Representation of women • Understanding the gaps • Socialisation
Growing Up Female
How we talk about girls and women • Stereotyping • Imagery • Reclaiming ambition
the skills
Planning
Longer working lives • Role models and inspiration • Five-year plans • Learning from those around you
Preparation
Information-gathering • Critical thinking • Challenging your beliefs • Evaluations and judgements
Starting Out
Navigating the first years on the career ladder • Processes that build confidence • Breaks from work and re-establishing yourself afterwards
Speaking Up
Voice, clarity and emphasis • Public speaking • The written word
Standing Up
Body language • Occupying space • First impressions
The Digital You
Social media opportunities and pitfalls • Women in technology • Making the internet more representative • Trolling
Keeping Sharp
Apprehension and anxiety • The importance of practice • Focusing on the immediate task
Owning It
Big moments and high-pressure scenarios • Appraisals and evaluations • Making a pitch
Rising Up
Developing authority • Mastering your brief • Demonstrating your knowledge
Resilience
Dealing with scrutiny and criticism • Knockbacks and failures • Learning but not losing your nerve
Balance
Managing the different elements of your life • Banishing guilt • Thinking long-term
Afterword
Acknowledgements
Notes
Image credits
Epigraph sources
Index
About the Author
About the Publisher
Introduction
Direct, persistent, purposeful. Or: uncertain, uneasy, doubtful. One of these sets of words reflects what is required to succeed in my line of work, especially amid pressure to generate new information and understanding quickly. The other reflects what I will most likely be experiencing in reality. After more than twenty years in broadcasting it’s a gap I know and understand – the difference between how everything appears on the outside and how I will be feeling on the inside. But it’s also the gap that led me to write this book, out of a desire not only to be honest about doubt but about channelling it and carrying on regardless.
One particular moment in my own life encapsulates what can happen in the opposite scenario, when doubt takes over – or comes close to it. In 2013, the newly appointed editor of Today, one of the BBC’s most prestigious programmes, asked if I might be interested in putting myself forward as a possible future presenter. You might think the answer was obvious – the role is, after all, one of the most coveted in my profession and I had by then spent seventeen years in broadcast news, thirteen of them as a presenter. Why would I not want to throw my hat into the ring? In the event, however, all I could think about was how hard the job would be – the precision required, the pressure, the scrutiny, the pre-dawn starts. I went home and told my husband it was a nice idea but I couldn’t imagine going for it. He looked incredulous. What would I say, he asked, if one of our children responded to a prospective new challenge by saying ‘Great opportunity but it will be too hard’?
I knew the answer to that one, and it pushed me to go for it. But for the first three years on Today, I fretted about almost every shift. I could not feel at ease in the role, worrying about what might go wrong and agonising over the things that did. And then, in a way that only became clear to me later, a moment arrived when it started to feel different. There was still an element of apprehension about each shift, but the sensation began to feel less like abject fear and more like something I could channel.
To anyone else it would have been easier to appreciate what had happened – I had grown into a new role, gained new skills and begun to feel more at home. Yet to me that outcome was never a given. I now look back and wonder: what if I had bailed out after a few months, or a year or two, and thought that my uncertainty was evidence the job just wasn’t right for me? I would never have discovered what I now know – that time, perseverance and an increasing familiarity made an immense difference.
The experience made me reflect on how often we look at people doing striking or difficult jobs and think that they were in some way born to them, that their performance is the result of innate ability. I am often told ‘You must never get nervous,’ and each time, I marvel at how far it is from the truth. We know, of course, that even the most experienced of actors can suffer from stage fright, we see how athletes psych themselves up as well as train hard physically, we are aware that even the most natural-appearing politicians will have been coached and participated in role-plays before big moments. And yet we can still be convinced that individuals achieve solely because they are in some way gifted, rather than because they have developed their capabilities.
That in turn can be a barrier to seeking new horizons – precisely as I experienced. Decisive for me was not only the simple fact of practice – each shift giving me more exposure to a variety of stories, interviewees and types of on-air conversations – but also the broader lessons that come from the nature of my work. It is on public display, which means the low points as well as the high ones are subject to immediate and sometimes fevered comment. It is often intense, both because of unusual working hours – a regular 3 a.m. alarm call – and the pressure that comes from having to absorb quantities of information in a short time-frame. The more I thought about what I consider to be some of the essential tools of my trade – speech, choice of words, body language, distilling information and deploying facts – the more I saw them as key to being effective in any line of work and at any stage of life. They become even more important when short attention spans and the pace of working life make it ever harder to get a message across in the way you intend.
And so the idea for The Skills was born, out of a desire to pass on what I have learned, much of which I wish I had figured out earlier in life. It took me a long time to find my courage, despite the steadfast encouragement and support of my parents. Both came to the UK from Pakistan – my father as a young doctor and my mother when she married him a few years later. There was never any question of me, as their daughter, being perceived differently from my brother; for both of us, the arrival of school reports sparked a gathering around the dining table where my father would read each entry aloud. As long as we appeared to be doing our best, he was satisfied: ‘Aim high,’ he would say, ‘because if you miss what you are aiming for, you’ll still end up in a good place.’
In both my parents’ families, mine would be the third generation in which women had had educational opportunities comparable to men: in the 1930s, in what was then British India, my two grandmothers were enrolled on medical and nursing courses. When it came to my own education, there would be some hard choices. Rather than send me to secondary school in Saudi Arabia, where we were living in the 1980s, my parents decided I would be better off in the UK. But that meant boarding school and long separations. Years later, my father told me that the motivation wasn’t only a desire for me to have a British education, but also a worry that remaining in Saudi Arabia, where I would have to wear an abaya or black cloak in public, might fundamentally alter my belief about what I could achieve in life. I know that had it not been for that decision, which in turn meant I stayed in the UK for university, I wouldn’t be where I am now.
With all of this support, why do I say my courage came later in life than it might have? Partly because when I think back to my university years, I know that I would have gained so much more from them had I been more willing to ask questions, to take risks and to test out arguments in front of my lecturers and fellow students. I was simply too cautious, too conscious that I might have got the wrong end of the stick and appear silly or uninformed. That caution persisted in the first part of my professional life – I was a producer at Bloomberg TV and then at the BBC, before getting into presenting at the age of twenty-seven – when I would mull over running orders and scripts, in search of the ideal turn of phrase or link between one story and the next. I would approach new projects, such as working on the Olympics, almost like an exam – setting aside time for preparation, making extensive notes in advance, trying to cover every base. Working on Today knocked that search for perfection out of me for the most basic of reasons: the shortage of time focused the mind like nothing I had previously experienced.
That’s not to say there is no longer a structure to the way I work – quite the opposite, because when time is of the essence, it is vital to have figured out the techniques that suit you and stick to them. For interviewing, much of my own method goes back to what I learned from studying the law: having the evidence to back up any assertions, knowing the arguments on the other side and being able to compare situations and ask if what happened in one case might apply elsewhere. I try to keep the focus on what I do know and how I can use it, because focusing on what is lacking can take you perilously close to losing your nerve.
For this book, I wanted to gather together approaches and ideas that have helped me, as well as the views of others. And I wanted to write from my perspective as a woman, because we’re at a point in time when it is clear that we need some better ideas about how more women can advance to levels comparable with men. In some countries girls and women face reduced educational and employment opportunities, but even in the most progressive nations, too many companies and workplaces can be gender-mapped into a pyramid shape: women and men represented in equal numbers at entry level but the presence of women tailing off dramatically the more senior the role.1 At the beginning of 2018, just seven women were leading FTSE 100 companies, fewer than the number of men called David occupying the same positions.2 A century after the first woman was elected to Parliament at Westminster, two-thirds of British MPs are men.3 The pattern is the same for partners in law firms in England and Wales, where only a third are women.4
Imbalances prevail on the airwaves, too. On the UK’s six most prominent broadcast news programmes, a 2018 study found that 2.2 male experts appear for every female one.5 It’s a situation that many editors and producers are now actively trying to change – striving for a fifty-fifty gender balance among contributors, wherever possible. Rather than the same guests being booked time and again, it means they might begin the search with the ambition of finding a man and a woman to speak on a certain topic. And that starting point can make a powerful difference – the search becomes wider, with new expert voices often discovered in the process.
We live in an age of much greater consciousness about the importance of representation, but I still find myself in settings that are overwhelmingly male. All-male panels – or ‘manels’ – remain commonplace at some conferences, and even where high-profile events such as the World Economic Forum in Davos have strived to achieve a better gender balance, it’s still apparent when you go there that many of the women present are journalists or conference staff. One year, during an off-the-record media session with the Iranian president, I realised I was one of around ten women in a gathering of well over a hundred people. As the president’s speech ended and the questions began, I mulled over what I might ask. And then it struck me that given the tiny number of women in the room, there was a strong chance the session might end without a woman’s voice being heard at all. Suddenly, the principle of participation seemed far more important than the actual question. I stuck up my hand and spoke.
Uncomfortable truths can emerge even when women are in prominent positions. Why was Claire Foy, who took the lead role of Queen Elizabeth in the hit television series The Crown, paid less for her work than Matt Smith, in the supporting role of Prince Philip? In the wake of the Harvey Weinstein scandal, the actor Emma Thompson was one of the first to say that the shocking details emerging were part of a deeper malaise. ‘In our systems there are not nearly enough women, particularly in Hollywood, in positions of power. There aren’t enough women at the top of the tree – in the studios – who could perhaps balance everything out. There aren’t enough women on set. This is part of our difficulty,’ she said. ‘This is a gender dysfunction.’6
Today when I hear people say everything’s going in the right direction, that their daughters won’t experience the same barriers, and even that women hold all the cards – I am not convinced. Of course it’s true that my generation has had opportunities that most of our mothers did not, but we’ve also come up against obstacles that many of us expected would be gone by now. Work and childcare remains a difficult balancing act for too many women and the bulk of home responsibilities are also mostly ours. Gender pay gaps illustrate the paucity of women in higher-paid roles while equal pay claims raise questions about how they are perceived and valued in comparison with male colleagues.
Perhaps part of the answer lies deep in our subconscious. I know that when I close my eyes and conjure up an image of someone at the top of my own chosen profession – a main presenter or a prominent interviewer – I see a man. I see a white man, as it happens. It reflects the reality of the world that surrounds me, but the permutations of that subconscious image can be far-reaching. They might seep into judgements I make about people performing that role – do they fit the picture I have in my head? If not, perhaps I will perceive them as having less of a right to be there. And what about an internal effect – how might that image affect the way I view my own potential and chances of progression?
Just as I was writing this book, the emergence of #MeToo and #TimesUp made me look back on my own experiences and think anew about their impact in shaping my sense of self. I’ve been flashed at and groped in public places and know how vulnerable it can make a girl or an adult woman feel. At work, there were times early in my career when I felt my suggestions weren’t taken as seriously as a man’s might have been (‘Stick to what you’re good at’ was one comment from a manager). At Today, there have been occasions when I had the distinct impression that a prominent contributor walking into the studio was looking across at my co-presenter and wishing he was doing the interview with them rather than me.
None of this has held me back, but I do wonder whether men set off on their careers with an expectation of advancement, while women can feel under pressure to prove themselves. I’m also struck by the tricky transitions in and out of the workplace that are par for the course in most women’s lives – and the worries that come with them: will their maternity cover be better than them? Will the juggling of career and family work out?
Bearing the weight of childcare responsibilities can also reduce women’s ability to take advantage of job offers that might boost their salary, because they’re more tied to their commute, working hours and keeping their routine unchanged. And when they take up part-time and flexible working options the result can be a disproportionate wage penalty, a promotion penalty or simply a perception that priorities now lie elsewhere. Ellen Kullman, who was one of the most powerful women in American business when she was running the corporate giant DuPont, has said that during her time there women were being promoted every 30–36 months, while men were moving on every 18–24 months. The perception seemed to be that the women needed longer to show their capability.7
Phase one of my own working life began when I got into broadcasting in the mid-1990s. I felt an immense thrill at getting a foot in the door of the industry, although this period also included working overnight shifts, when it was hard to feel optimistic or energised about anything. Not long afterwards, however, I got a break into live presenting, which came while I was working in the BBC’s business and economics unit. Producers would sometimes have the chance to give a brief on-camera summary of the day on the financial markets, and after doing this a few times I was offered some reporting shifts. One week, there was a gap in the business presenters’ rota and I was asked to fill in, my knees shaking as I did so. But one thing led to another – I never went back to being a producer and later moved from business coverage to the international channel BBC World News.
That is how what I now think of as the middle phase of my career began, coinciding with an intense period in my personal life – twenty months after the birth of my first son, I had twin boys. Returning to work after my second maternity leave proved a fine balancing act, in which the overriding concern was to keep life as simple and manageable as possible, rather than trying anything new. Gradually, though, the domestic rhythm became more settled and I started to wonder what the next stage of my career could potentially involve. As Radio 4 had been a companion to my life from the age of seventeen – when a wise person advised me that listening would be good preparation for university interviews – I knew I would love to work there. But I had no experience in radio production or reporting, let alone presenting. The only way I could gain some, and get my voice on air, would be to use my days off to do occasional shifts, filling in on news and other factual programmes in the hope that it might stand me in good stead for any future opportunities.
None appeared to be forthcoming. I was fortunate that the BBC was a large enough organisation to have a variety of internal possibilities to explore, which meant I could dip my toe into new waters and gain exposure while still having the security of my main role as a news presenter. But it was an odd and often disheartening time, as I made ad-hoc appearances on unfamiliar programmes, wondering if I was in danger of becoming a jack-of-all-trades. What motivated me was the strong sense that I had but one life to see how far I might be able to progress – I didn’t want to look back later on and wish I had tried a bit harder.
I realised, however, that there was a downside to how opportunities had come my way thick and fast a few years before, when I started presenting. I had been asked to do one interesting thing after another, been based in Singapore and Washington, and reported frequently from other parts of the world too. I had rarely had to push for a particular opportunity or project, with the result that by this stage I was missing an essential skill: being able to make a pitch for myself. I went to see one BBC editor or executive after another, asking if they might try me out, but found I was lacking a compelling answer to the inevitable question: ‘What is it that you want to do?’
Over time, there were some valuable lessons: I learned to be straightforward and clear about what I was asking for; to be ready to turn my energies towards a new avenue if the first one didn’t work out; to keep an open mind and explore multiple options, even though that sometimes felt overwhelming; to do my best to express my hopes and ambitions without apology or diffidence – even if it felt excruciating at some moments and pushy at others.
From there I started to think about a set of skills relevant to career troughs as well as peaks, adaptable to different settings and transferable even in the event of a complete career change. Every projection about the future of work suggests that mobility will be increasingly important – perhaps the disruption will even bridge some of the workplace gender gaps we see today, if it becomes more common for men and women to shift gear, go part-time or take time out to retrain or for family reasons.
There is more to do to help people achieve their potential at work. But when I contrast my experience of working life with that of my mother, I feel a deep gratitude. For all the emphasis on education in my family, the idea that it could be used to forge a career and for that career to exist alongside motherhood, is a novel one. My mother gained two degrees in Pakistan and became a producer at Pakistan Television when it was first set up in the 1960s. But all around her, it was accepted that marriage and motherhood were more than likely to bring any nascent careers to an end.
Her own marriage brought her to the UK in 1972 and I was born in 1973. With my father working long hours in the National Health Service in Northamptonshire and Bedfordshire, I was her full-time job. She told me years later that there were times when she would watch the Asian programming coming out of the BBC in Birmingham and long to be a part of it, to use her experience and have an identity in this new country beyond that of wife and mother. It was never going to be possible – she had a baby to look after and any family members who might have helped out were far away. Childcare and travel costs would have been an unjustifiable addition to an already tight household budget.
It is not in my mother’s nature to be bitter about what might have been, but her experience reminds me not to lose an appreciation of the doors that have been open to me, one generation on. Changed attitudes to women and to ethnic minorities have both played a key role in my life chances – not so long ago it would have been hard to imagine someone with a name like mine fronting a national news programme. That is not to say that I find my own combination of motherhood, marriage and work easy – or even always manageable. But I often think back to what I heard the then head coach of UK Athletics, Charles van Commenee, say just ahead of the London Olympics. Having coached many athletes to medals, he said he always tried to make them appreciate that pressure would be an ongoing part of their lives. ‘I tell them – it’s uncomfortable out there,’ he said. The words resonate with me because alongside the many privileges of my job are the difficult aspects – in particular the scrutiny. I cannot have one without accepting the other, and I have but this one life to make the most of what comes my way.