Добыча

152

Erich Ludendorff, The Nation at War, trans. A. S. Rappoport (London: Hutchinson, 1936), p. 79; Z. A. B. Zeman, ed. Germany and the Revolution in Russia, 1915–1918 (London: Oxford University Press, 1958), pp. 107, 134–35; Ronald Suny, The Baku Commune 1917–1918 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972), pp. 284–85 («we agreed» and «plunderers»), 328–43; Firuz Kazemzadeh, The Struggle for Transcaucasia, 1917–1921 (New York: Philosophical Library, 1951), pp. 136–46 («destroy»); Moberly, Campaign in Mesopotamia, vol. 4, pp. 182–212; Ludendorff, War Memories, pp. 659–60 («serious blow»); Anastas Mikoyan, Memoirs ofAnastas Mikoyan, vol. 1, The Path of Struggle, ed. Sergo Mikoyan, trans. Katherine T. O'Connor and Dane L. Burgin (Madison, Conn.; Sphinx Press, 1988), pp. 505–9.

153

Ludendorff, War Memories, p. 748; Schmitt and Vedeler, World in the Crucible, p. 272; Pearton, Oil and the Romanian State, p. 93; Fayle, Seaborne Trade, vol. 3, pp. 230, 402; Leo Grebler and Wilhelm Winkler, The Cost of the World War to Germany and to Austria-Hungary (New Haven: Vale University Press, 1940), p. 85; Henriques, Marcus Samuel, p. 624. On the speeches, see Times (London), November 22, 1918, p. 6; Delaisi, Oil, pp. 86–91 (Curzon); Bérenger, Le Pétrole et la France, pp. 175–80.

154

. Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919–1939, First Series, vol. 4, pp. 452–54, 521; FRUS: Paris Peace Conference, 1919, vol. 5, pp. 3–4, 760, 763, 804; David Lloyd George, The Truth About the Peace Treaties, vol. 2 (London: Victor Gollancz, 1938), pp. 1037–38.

155

Confidential Memorandum of Negotiations with Turkish Petroleum Company, July 15 – August 5, 1922, pp. 1–3, 800.6363/T84/48, RG 59, NA; Marian Kent, Oil and Empire, pp. 12–80; Edward Mead Earle, «The Turkish Petroleum Company: A Study in Oleaginous Diplomacy,» Political Science Quarterly 39 (June 1924), 267 («Talleyrand»); V. H. Rothwell, «Mesopotamia in British War Aims,» Historical Journal 13 (1970), p. 277.

156

Ralph Hewins, Mr. Five Percent: The Story of Calouste Gulbenkian (New York: Rinehart and Company, 1958), pp. 15–16 («academic nonsense»), 24 («fine and consistent»), 11 («hand»), 188 (Kenneth Clark); Financial Times, July 25, 1955 («granite»); Gibb and Knowlton, Standard Oil, vol. 2, p. 300; Nubar Gulbenkian, Portrait in Oil (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1965), p. 85 («very close»); «Memoirs of Calouste Sarkis Gulbenkian, with Particular Relation to the Origins and Foundation of the Iraq Petroleum Company, Limited,» March 4, 1948, 890.G.6363/3–448, pp. 6–7 («wild cat»), 11 («not, in any way»), RG 59, NA.

157

Kent, Oil and Empire, pp. 86–93, 170–71 (Foreign Office Agreement);Hewins, Mr. Five Percent, p. 81.

158

Kent, Oil and Empire, pp. 109, 121–26; David Fromkin, A Peace to End All Peace: Creating the Modern Middle East, 1914–1922 (New York: Henry Holt, 1989), pp. 188–95; Elie Kedourie, England and the Middle East: The Destruction of the Ottoman Empire, 1914–1921 (London: Bowes and Bowes, 1956); Jones, State and British Oil, p. 198; Helmut Mejcher, Imperial Quest for Oil: Iraq, 1910–1928 (London: Ithaca Press, 1976), p. 37; Rothwell, «Mesopotamia in British War Aims,» pp. 289–90 (Hankey and Balfour); William Stivers, Supremacy and Oil: Iraq, Turkey and the Anglo-American World Order, 1918–1930 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1982), pp. 71–72 (Lansing); Lloyd George, Peace Treaties, pp. 1022–38.

159

Oil (англ.) – масло, нефть. – Прим. пер.

160

Melby, France, pp. 17–23 (Clemenceau's grocer); Jukka Nevakivi, Britain, France and the Arab Middle East, 1914–1920 (London: Athlone Press, 1969), p. 154; Paul Mantoux, Les Deliberations du Conseil des Quatre (24 Mars – 28 Juin 1919), vol. 2 (Paris: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1955), pp. 137–43; Jones, State and British Oil p. 214; С. E. Callwell, Field-Marshal Sir Henry Wilson: His Life and Diaries, vol. 2 (London: Cassell, 1927), p. 194 («dogfight»); Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919–1939, First Series, vol. 8, pp. 9–10.

161

Melby, France, pp. 67 («entirely French»), 100–4 («industrial arm»); Richard Kuisel, Ernest Mercier: French Technocrat (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967), pp. 31–32 («instrument» and «international difficulties»), 25 («Anglo-Saxon»).

162

Kendall Beaton, Shell in the United States, pp. 229–32; B. S. McBeth, British Oil Policy, 1919–1939 (London: Frank Cass, 1985), p. 41. Waley Cohen to Director, Petroleum Dept., May 15, 1923, FO 371/13540; Proposed Combination of Royal Dutch Shell, Burma Oil, and Anglo-Persian Oil Companies, Notes of Meeting, November 2, 1921, W11691, FO 371/7027; Cowdray to Lloyd-Greame, February 14, 1922, POWE 33/92; Watson to Clarke, October 31, 1921, POWE 33/92, PRO. Parliamentary Debates, Commons, March 18, 1920, vol. 126, no. 28, cols. 2375/6; Jones, State and British Oil, pp. 223–26 («over-production,» «every action» and «Hottentots»); Ferrier, British Petroleum, pp. 372–80 («whole revenue» and «did not go»); Shaul Bakhash, The Reign of the Ayatollahs: Iran and the Islamic Revolution (New York: Basic Books, 1984), pp. 20–23.

163

Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. 5, The Prophet of Truth, 1922–1939 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1977), pp. 8–17 («shall not starve»); Corley, Burmah Oil, pp. 298–307; Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. 5, Companion Volume, part 1 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981), pp. 54–55 (Churchill on Baldwin), 68–69; Ferrier, British Petroleum, pp. 382–85 («His Majesty's Government»).

164

Mark Requa, Letter to the Subcommittee on Mineral Raw Materials, Economic Liaison Committee. May 12, 1919, Baker Library, Harvard Business School; John DeNovo, «The Movement for an Aggressive American Oil Policy Abroad, 1918–1920,» American Historical Review (July 1956), pp. 854–76; O'Brien, «Oil Crises and the Foreign Policy of the Wilson Administration,» p. 176 (Wilson); National Petroleum News, October 29, 1919, p. 51 («two to five years»); Guy Elliott Mitchell, «Billions of Barrels Locked Up in Rocks,» National Geographic, February 1918, pp. 195 («gasoline famine»), 201 («no man who owns»); George Otis Smith, «Where the World Gets Oil and Where Will Our Children Get It When American Wells Cease to Flow?» National Geographic, February 1920, p. 202 («moral support»); Washington Post, November 18, 1920 (nine years and three months); George Otis Smith, ed., The Strategy of Minerals: A Study of the Mineral Factor in the World Position of America in War and in Peace (New York: D. Appleton, 1919), p. 304 («within a year»). В 1919 г. Дэвид Уайт, главный геолог Геологической инспекции США, определил общие потенциальные запасы в 6,7 млн баррелей. David White, «The Unmined Supply of Petroleum in the United States,» paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society of Automotive Engineers, February 4–6, 1919. John Rowland and Basil Cadman, Ambassador for Oil: The Life of John First Baron Cadman (London: Herbert Jenkins, I960), pp. 95, 97. Requa to Adee, May 13, 1920, 800.6363/112; Manning to Baker, March 8, 1920, 811.6363/35; Fall to Hughes, July 15, 1921, 800.6363/324; Memorandum for the Secretary, March 29, 1921, 890g.6363/69; Merle-Smith to the Secretary, February 11, 1921, 800.6363/325; Millspaugh Memorandum, April 14, 1921, 890g.6363/T84/9, RG 59, NA. Scientific American, May 3, 1919, p. 474; Cadman to Fraser, December 2, 1920, 4247, Cadman papers («I don't expect»); Cadman, Notes, Meeting at Petroleum Executive, June 16,1919, GHC/Iraq/Dl, Shell archives; Memorandum on the Petroleum Situation, with Dispatch to HM Ambassador, April 21, 1921, POWE 33/228, PRO.

165

United Kingdom, Admiralty, Geographical Section of Naval Intelligence Division, Geology of Mesopotamia and Its Borderlands (London: HMSO, 1920), pp. 84–86, insisted on a «cautious estimate» for the oil potential of the region. FRUS, vol. 2, pp. 664–73; Jones, State and British Oil, pp. 223, 221; De Novo, «Aggressive American Oil Policy,» pp. 871–72; Bennett H. Wall and George S. Gibb, Teagle of Jersey Standard (New Orleans: Tulane University Press, 1974), p. 130; Michael Hogan, Informal Entente: The Private Structure of Cooperation in Anglo-American Economic Diplomacy, 1918–1928 (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1977), p. 165; Nash, United States Oil Policy, p. 53. Heizer to Ravndal, January 31, 1920, 800.6363/134; Millspaugh Memorandum, November 26, 1921, 890g.6363/134; Tyrrell to Gulbenkian, October 10, 1924, with Wiley to Secretary of State, March 13, 1948, 890 g.6363/3–448 («instrumental»), RG 59, NA.

166

WWC to Dearing, May 12, 1921, and Memorandum for the Secretary on Proposed Combination of American Oil Companies, 811.6363/73; Bedford to Hughes, May 21, 1921, 890.6363/78. NA 890g.6363/T84: Hoover to Hughes, April 17, 1922, 96; Hughes to Teagle, August 22, 1922, 41a; Allen Dulles Memorandum, December 15, 1922, 81, RG 59. Wall and Gibb, Teagle, p. 98 («queer looking»); Joan Hoff Wilson, American Business and Foreign Policy, 1920–1933 (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971), p. 189.

167

Dun & Bradstreet – деловой справочник. – Прим. ред.

168

Wall and Gibb, Teagle, pp. 168 («Boss»), 31–32 («Come home»), 48–49 («cigar»), 63–66 («frequently changes»), 71–72 («shoes» and «not going to drill»), 176–78 («present policy»). On the Jersey reorganization, see Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the American Industrial Enterprise (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1962) chap. 4, p. 173.

169

NA 890g.6363: Confidential Memorandum of Negotiations with Turkish Petroleum Company, July 15 – August 5, 1922, T84/48; Wellman to Hughes, July 24,1922, 126; Piesse to Teagle, December 12, 1922, T84/62, RG 59.

170

Fromkin, Peace, pp. 226 («ripper»), 306; Elizabeth Monroe, Britain's Moment in the Middle East, 1914–1971 (London: Chatto and Windus, 1981), 2d ed., pp. 61–64 (Lansing), 68 («vacant lot»); Peter Sluglett, Britain in Iraq, 1914–1932 (London: Ithaca Press, 1976), pp. 64, 45, 112; Stivers, Supremacy and Oil, p. 78 («supported»); Briton Cooper Busch, Britain, India, and the Arabs, 1914–1921 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971), pp. 467–69; Review of the Civil Administration of Mesopotamia, Cmd. 1061, 1920, p. 94, cited in Elie Kedourie, The Chatham House Version and Other Middle Eastern Studies (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1970), p. 437. Wheeler to Secretary of State, February 2, 1922, 890 g.6363/72. NA 890g.6363/ T84: Wadsworth Memo, September 18, 1924, 167; Dulles to Millspaugh, February 21, 1922, 31; Randolph to Secretary of State, March 25, 1926, 214; Allen Dulles Memorandum, November 22, 1924, 208 («cocked hat»), RG 59. Edith Penrose and E. F. Penrose, Iraq: International Relations and National Development (London: Ernest Benn, 1978), pp. 56–74; Gibb and Knowlton, Standard Oil, vol. 2, pp. 295–97; «Memoirs of Gulbenkian,» p. 25 («eyewash»); J. С. Hurewitz, Diplomacy in the Near and Middle East, vol. 2, A Documentary Record, 1914–1956 (Princeton; Van Nostrand, 1956), pp. 131–42.

171

«Memoirs of Gulbenkian,» pp. 15 («oil friendships»), 16 («we worked»), 28 («hook or… crook»); Hewins, Mr. Five Percent, p. 161 («pernickety» and «overbearing»); Gulbenkian, Portrait in Oil pp. 130–39 («children»), 38–39 («medical advice»), 94; Henriques, Waley Cohen, pp. 285–86; Financial Times, July 25, 1955; Gibb and Knowlton, Standard Oil, vol. 2, pp. 298–301; Kuisel, Mercier, p. 34; Wall and Gibb, Teagle, p. 216 («most difficult»). NA 890g.6363/ T84: Allen Dulles Memorandum, January 19, 1926, 236; Houghton to Secretary of State, January 27, 1926, 238; Allen Dulles to Secretary of State, November 11, 1924, 176; Wadsworth Memo, September 18, 1924, pp. 8, 167; Swain to Dulles, December 8, 1925, 245 («How would you like it»); Piesse to Teagle, January 19, 1926, 284; Oliphant to Atherton, January 12, 1926, 239, RG 59, NA. On the Teagle-Gulbenkian luncheon, Wall and Gibb, Teagle, p. 215 and Memorandum of Dulles conversation with Teagle, September 18, 1924, 167, pp. 4–5, RG 59, NA.

172

«Memorandum for Submission to the Foreign Office Setting Out Mr. С S. Gulbenkian's Position,» June 1947, pp. 3–4, POWE 33/1965, PRO; Daniel 3:4–6 («fiery furnace»); FRUS, 1927, vol. 2, pp. 816–27. NA 890g.6363/T84: Allen Dulles Memo, December 2, 1925, 244; Wellman to Dulles, October 8, 1925, 224; Wellman to Secretary of State, April 1, April 11, April 28, 1927, 271, 272, 273; Wadsworth Memo, October 3, 1927, 279; Randolph to Secretary of State, October 19, 1927, 281.

173

Quai d'Orsay (фр.) – МИД Франции. – Прим. ред.

174

William Stivers, «A Note on the Red Line Agreement,» Diplomatic History, 7 (Winter 1983), pp. 24–25; Hewins, Mr. Five Percent, p. 141 («old Ottoman Empire»); Jones, State and British Oil, p. 238. NA 890g.6363/T84: Agreement D'Arcy Exploration Company Limited and Others and Turkish Petroleum Company, July 31, 1928, 360; Wellman to Shaw, December 7, 1927, 292, January 31, 1928, 297; Shaw to Wellman, December 27, 1927, 293. The Ouai d'Orsay and Foreign Office Maps are with Wellman to Shaw, March 22, 1928, 307, RG 59, NA. Wall and Gibb, Teagl, p. 209 («bad move!»); Gulbenkian, Portrait in Oil, pp. 98–100.

175

Dwight D. Eisenhower, At Ease: Stories I Tell to Friends (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1967), pp. 155–68, 386–87 («genuine adventure»); New York Times, July 6, 1920, sec. 4, p. 11.

176

Kendall Beaton, Shell p. 171 («century of travel»); Williamson et al., Age of Energy, pp. 443–446; Frederick Lewis Allen, Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the Nineteen-Twenties (New York: Blue Ribbon Books, 1931), p. 164 («Villages»); Jean-Pierre Bardou, Jean-Jacques Chanaron, Patrick Fridenson, James M. Laux, The Automobile Revolution: The Impact of an Industry (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982).

177

Warren С. Piatt, «Competition: Invited by the Nature of the Oil Industry,» National Petroleum News, February 5, 1936, p. 208 («new way»); McLean and Robert Wm. Haigh, The Integrated Oil Companies, pp. 107–8; Giddens, Standard Oil Company (Indiana), pp. 318–20, 283; Thomas P. Hogarty, «The Origin and Evolution of Gasoline Marketing,» Research Paper No. 022, American Petroleum Institute, October 1, 1981; Walter C. Ristow, «A Half Century of Oil-Company Road Maps,» Surveying and Mapping 34 (December 1964), pp. 617 («uniquely American»); Beaton, Shell pp. 267–79 («careful in their attendance» and Barton on gasoline); Bruce Barton, The Man Nobody Knows (Indianapolis: Grosset 8; Dunlap, 1925), pp. iv, v, 140.

178

Teapot Dome (англ.) – купол-чайник. – Прим. пер.

179

Beaton, Shell, pp. 286–87; United States Senate, Subcommittee of the Committee on Manufacturers. High Cost of Gasoline and Other Petroleum Products, 67th Congress, 2d and 4th sessions (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1923), p. 28 («manipulate оil prices»); John H. Maurer, «Fuel and the Battle Fleet: Coal, Oil, and American Naval Strategy, 1898–1925,» Naval War College Review 34 (November-December 1981), p. 70 («failure of supply»). Министра военно-морских сил Джозефуса Дарнелса настолько беспокоила надежность поставок (и цена), что он предлагал США последовать примеру Уинстона Черчилля, создать нечто подобное Англо-персидской компании и напрямую заняться нефтяным бизнесом. John De Novo, «Petroleum and the United States Navy Before World War I,» Mississippi Valley Historical Review 61 (March 1955), pp. 651–52, Burl Noggle, Teapot Dome: Oil and Politics in the 1920s (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1962), pp. 16–17 («supply laid up»), 3–4 («looked like a President» and «harmony»). On Albert Fall, Bruce Bliven, «Oil Driven Politics,» The New Republic, February 13, 1924, pp. 302–3 («Zane Grey hero»); David H. Stratton, «Behind Teapot Dome: Some Personal Insights,» Business History Review 23 (Winter 1957), p. 386 («unrestrained disposition»); Noggle, Teapot Dome, p. 13 («not altogether easy»); John Gunther, Taken at the Flood: The Story of Albert D. Lasker (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1960), pp. 136–37 («it smells»); J. Leonard Bates, The Origins of Teapot Dome: Progressives, Parties, and Petroleum, 1909–1921 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1963).

180

On Harry Sinclair, Sinclair Oil, A Great Name in Oil: Sinclair Through 50 Years (New York: F. W. Dodge/McGraw-Hill, 1966), pp. 13–20, 45. Noggle, Teapot Dome, pp. 30 («oleaginous nature»), 35, 51–57 («my… friends» and «illness»), 71–72 («teapot»), 79, 85 («little black bag»), 201 («can't convict»); M. R. Werner and John Star, The Teapot Dome Scandal (London: Cassell, 1961), p. 146; Edith Boiling Wilson, My Memoir (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1939); pp. 298–99 («Which way»); Bliven, «Oil Driven Politics,» pp. 302–3 («shoulder deep»); Norman Nordhauser, The Quest for Stability: Domestic Oil Regulation, 1917–1935 (New York: Garland, 1979), p. 20 (oil lamp); William Allen White, A Puritan in Babylon: The Story of Calvin Coolidge (New York: Macmillan, 1938), pp. 272–77; J. Leonard Bates, «The Teapot Dome Scandal and the Election of 1924,» American Historical Review 55 (January 1955), pp. 305–21.

181

Giddens, Standard of Indiana, pp. 366–434 (the battle); M. A. & R., «Continental Trading Co. Ltd.,» March 10, 1928, J.D.R., Jr., Business Interests, Rockefeller Archives; Brady, Ida Tarbell, pp. 210, 232 (Tarbell and Rockefeller, Jr.). On John D. Rockefeller, Jr., see Collier and Horowitz, Rockefellers, pp. 79–83,104–6.

182

Gibb and Knowlton, Standard Oil, vol. 2, pp. 485 (Teagle), 429–30; Owen, Trek of the Oil Finders, pp. 449–57, 502–20, 460; Institution of Petroleum Technologists, Petroleum: Twenty Five Years Retrospect, 1910–1935 (London: festoon of Petroleum Technologists, 1935), pp. 33–73; Henrietta M. Larson and Kenneth Wiggins Porter, History of Humble Oil and Refining Company: A Study in Industrial Growth (New York: Harper 8t Brothers, 1959), pp. 139–42, 276; Frank J. Taylor and Earl M. Welty, Black Bonanza: How an Oil Hunt Grew into the Union Oil Company of California (New York: Whittlesley House, McGraw-Hill, 1950), p. 201; E. L. DeGolyer, «How Men Find Oil,» Fortune, August 1949, p. 97; Walker A. Tompkins, Little Giant of Signal Hill: An Adventure in American Enterprise (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1964), p. 2; United States Federal Trade Commission, Foreign Ownership in the Petroleum Industry (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1923), p. x («rapidly depleted»).

183

. Literary Digest, June 2, 1923, pp. 56–58 («nearest approach»). Doherty to Smith, February 2, 1929 («worse than Satan»); Doherty to Veasey, August 13, 1927 («extremely crude»), Doherty papers. Doherty to Roosevelt, August 14, 1937, Oil, Official File 56, Roosevelt papers; Erich W. Zimmennann, Conservation in the Production of Petroleum: A Study in Industrial Control (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1957), pp. 97 («do likewise»), 122–24; Nordhauser, Quest for Stability, pp. 9–18; Williamson et al., Age of Energy, pp. 317–19; Nash, United States Oil Policy, pp. 82–91; Leonard M. Fanning, The Story of the American Petroleum Institute (New York: World Petroleum Policies, [I960]), pp. 68, 104–9 («crazy man»); Linda Lear, «Harold L. Ickes and the Oil Crisis of the First Hundred Days,» Mid-America 63 (January 1981), p. 12 («barbarian»); Robert E. Hardwicke, Antitrust Laws, et al. v. Unit Operations of Oil or Gas Pools (New York: American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, 1948), pp. 179–86 («If the public»).

184

Williamson et al., Age of Energy, p. 311 («supremacy»); Zimmermann, Conservation, pp. 126–128 («commodity»); Larson and Porter, Humble, pp. 257–63 («production methods»); Henrietta Larson, Evelyn H. Knowlton, and Charles H. Popple, History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey), vol. 3, New Horizons, 1927–50 (New York: Harper 8t Row, 1971), pp. 63–64, 88; Giebelhaus, Sun, p. 118 («My father»).

185

Rister, Oil! pp. 244–46, 255, 293–97; Hartzell Spence, Portrait in Oil: How the Ohio Oil Company Grew to Become Marathon (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962), pp. 118–29; Phillips Petroleum Company, Phillips: The First 66 Years (Bartlesville: Phillips Petroleum, 1983), p. 67; United States Federal Trade Commission, Prices, Profits, and Competition in the Petroleum Industry, United States Senate Document No. 61,70th Congress, 1st Session (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1928), pp. 108–16; McLean and Haigh, Integrated Oil Companies, pp. 90–91; Williamson et al., Age of Energy, pp. 394–97; Beaton, Shell, pp. 259–60.

186

SC7/G-32, Shell papers; Larson and Porter, Humble, pp. 307–9 («industry is powerless»); Roger M. Olien and Diana D. Olien, Wildcatters: Texas Independent Oilmen (Austin: Texas Monthly Press, 1984), p. 52 (Tom Slick); Nordhauser, Quest for Stability, pp. 55 («rather foolish»), 58; Nash, United States Oil Policy, pp. 102–3.

187

Joseph Stanislaw and Daniel Yergin, Cambridge Energy Research Associates, «The Reintegration Impulse: The Oil Industry of the 1990s,» Cambridge Energy Research Associates Report, 1987; Larson and Porter, Humble, pp. 72–75; Gibb and Knowlton, Standard Oil, vol. 2, pp. 42, 414; Wall and Gibb, Teagle, pp. 140–41, 249; Giddens, Standard of Indiana, chap. 9, p. 318; McLean and Haigh, Integrated Oil Companies, pp. 95–102; Phillips, First 66 Years, p. 37 (Phillips); Beaton, Shell, pp. 298–330, 353.

188

McLean and Haigh, Integrated Oil Companies, p. 105 («protection»); Ida M. Tarbell, The New Republic, November 14, 1923, p. 301 («crumbling»); FTC, Prices, Profits and Competition, pp. 22–23, xvii – xix («no longer unity»).

189

Beaton, Shell, pp. 206–7 (Deterding); FTC, Prices, Profits and Competition, p. 29; FTC, Foreign Ownership, p. 86 («parties foreign»); Ralph Arnold to Herbert Hoover, September 22, 1921, Millspaugh to Dearing, September 24, 1921, 811.6363/75 («viciously inimical»), RG 59, NA; Taylor and Welty, Union Oil, pp. 176–78; Phillips, First 66 Years, p. 31; Giddens, Standard of Indiana, pp. 238–40; Wall and Gibb, Teagle, pp. 261–65 («sunkist»).

190

Doherty to Veasey, August 6, 1927; Doherty to Smith, January 26, 1929; Doherty to Smith, February 2, 1929, Doherty papers.