Словарь английских синонимов и синонимичных выражений. Том I. A – I.

A DICTIONARY OF ENGLISH SYNONYMES.

Volume I

EXPLANATORY TABLE.

a.      stands for Adjective.

ad.      Adverb.

Alg.      Algebra.

Anat.      Anatomy.

Arch.      Architecture.

Arith.      Arithmetic.

Astrol.      Astrology.

Astron.      Astronomy.

Bot.      Botany.

Chem.      Chemistry.

Com.      Commerce.

conj.      Conjunction.

Eccl.      Ecclesiastical.

Eng.      England, or English.

Ent.      Entomology.

Fort.      Fortification.

Fr.      French.

Geol.      Geology.

Geom.      Geometry.

Gram.      Grammar.

Gr.      Greek.

Her.      Heraldry.

Ich.      Ichthyology.

interj.      Interjection.

It.      Italian.

L.      Latin.

Math.      Mathematics.

Med.      Medicine.

Meteor.      Meteorology.

Mil.      Military.

Min.      Mineralogy.

Mythol.      Mythology.

Mus.      Music.

Naut.      Nautical.

n.      Noun.

Ornith.      Ornithology.

pl.      Plural.

prep.      Preposition.

Rhet.      Rhetoric.

Sculp.      Sculpture.

sing.      Singular.

Sp.      Spanish.

Surg.      Surgery.

Theol.      Theology.

U. S.      United States.

v. a.      Verb Active.

v. n.      Verb Neuter.

Zoöl.      Zoölogy.

Small Capitals in the printing of a word or a phrase, indicate a reference to that word in its alphabetical place, where additional synonymes, or some information in regard to it, may be found.

When a word has more than one signification, the separate groups of synonymes, corresponding to the several meanings, are designated by figures.

SYNONYMES

A

Aback, ad. Backwards, rearwards, regressively.

Abaft, prep. (Naut.) Behind, back of, in the rear of.

Abaft, ad. (Naut.) Aft, behind, astern, rearward, back, in the rear.

Abalienate, v. a. (Law.) Alienate, transfer, convey, demise, make over, deliver over.

Abalienation, n. (Law.) Alienation, transfer, demise, conveyance.

Abandon, v. a. 1. Leave, relinquish, quit, forsake, desert, evacuate, drop, abjure, forswear, give over, cast off, retire from, withdraw from.

2. Surrender, cede, yield, resign, forego, renounce, waive, vacate, abdicate, deliver up, give up, part with, let go, lay down.

Abandoned, a. 1. Relinquished, deserted, forsaken, cast away, rejected, discarded, given up, given over, cast off.

2. Depraved, corrupted, corrupt, profligate, vicious, sinful, wicked, dissolute, reprobate, graceless, shameless, unprincipled, lost, obdurate, hardened, impenitent, incorrigible, irreclaimable, demoralized, lost to shame, dead to honor.

Abandonment, n. 1. Abandoning, relinquishment, desertion, dereliction.

2. Renunciation, surrender, cession, resignation, abnegation, abjuration, rejection, abdication.

Abarticulation, n. (Med.) Diarthrosis.

Abase, v. a. 1. Depress, lower, reduce, drop, sink, stoop, cast down, let down, let fall.

2. Degrade, humble, disgrace, dishonor, humiliate, debase, bring low, take down.

Abasement, n. 1. Depression, detrusion, reduction, lowering, fall, deterioration, degradation, debasement, degeneracy, vitiation, perversion, depravation.

2. Abjectness, abjection, vileness, baseness, contemptibleness, despicableness.

3. Humiliation, condescension, submission, submissiveness, resignation, humility, meekness, humbleness, lowliness, self-abasement.

Abash, v. a. Shame, mortify, confuse, confound, disconcert, discompose, discountenance, humiliate, humble, snub, put to shame, make ashamed, put down, put out of countenance, take down, send away with a flea in one's ear.

Abashment, n. Confusion, shame, mortification, embarrassment.

Abate, v. a. 1. Lessen, diminish, decrease, reduce, lower, relax, slacken.

2. Remit, allow, bate, rebate, deduct.

3. Moderate, assuage, mitigate, soothe, soften, qualify, alleviate, mollify, allay, appease, pacify, compose, tranquillize, temper, attempor, quiet, quell, calm, dull, blunt.

4. (Law.) Remove, suppress, terminate, put an end to.

Abate, v. a. 1. Decrease, diminish, lessen, subside, wane, ebb, intermit, slacken.

2. (Law.) Be defeated, frustrated, or overthrown.

Abatement, n. 1. Diminution, decrease, lessening, mitigation, assuagement, decrement, extenuation, remission.

2. Subsidence, wane, ebb.

3. Discount, allowance, rebate, deduction, reduction, drawback.

Abbey, n. Monastery, convent, cloister, priory, nunnery.

Abbreviate, v. a. Shorten (by cutting off), curtail, reduce, contract, retrench, abridge, condense, compress, epitomize, cut short, cut down.

Abbreviation, n. Shortening (by cutting off), curtailment, contraction, abridgment, reduction, condensation, compression.

Abdicate, v. a. Resign (an office or dignity), surrender (a right), cede, forego, renounce, relinquish, abandon, quit, vacate, give up, part with, lay down, renounce all claim to.

Abdicate, v. n. Resign, relinquish office (especially that of a king), vacate the throne.

Abdication, n. Abdicating, resignation, surrender, renunciation, abandonment.

Abdomen, n. Belly, paunch.

Abdominal, a. Ventral.

Abdominous, a. Large-bellied, great-bellied, big-bellied, pot-bellied, tun-bellied.

Abduce, v. a. (Anat.) Withdraw, draw away, pull back.

Abduct, v. a. Kidnap, carry off, run away with, run off with.

Abduction, n. 1. Withdrawing, withdrawal, withdrawment, drawing away.

2. Kidnapping.

Aberdevine, n. Siskin (Carduelis spinus).

Aberrance, n. Deviation, departure.

Aberrant, a. 1. Deviating, wandering, rambling, diverging, divergent, devious, erratic, out of the way.

2. Irregular, abnormal, unnatural, unusual, singular, peculiar, anomalous, unconformable, exceptional, strange, anomalistic, eccentric, monstrous, preternatural.

Aberration, n. 1. Deviation, divergence, wandering, rambling, departure.

2. Irregularity, eccentricity, singularity, peculiarity, strangeness, unconformity, anomaly, abnormity, monstrosity.

3. Illusion, delusion, hallucination, monomania, self-deception.

Abet, v. a. 1. Aid, assist, help, support, succor, second, sustain, uphold, back, co-operate with, take part with, give support to.

2. Favor, encourage, sanction, countenance, advocate, connive at.

3. (Law.) Instigate (to commit a crime), stimulate, incite, foment.

Abettor, n. 1. Assistant, helper, aider, coadjutor, co-operator, ally, auxiliary.

2. Advocate, adviser, promoter, instigator.

3. Confederate, accomplice, accessory, particeps criminis, socius criminis.

Abeyance, n. 1. (Law.) Expectation, prospect, expectancy, waiting, anticipation, calculation, contemplation.

2. Suspense, reservation, intermission, remission, dormancy, quiescence.

Abhor, v. a. Hate, abominate, detest, loathe, nauseate, shrink from, recoil from, shudder at, view with horror.

Abhorrence, n. Abomination, horror, detestation, hatred, loathing, disgust, antipathy, aversion.

Abhorrent, a. 1. Hating, detesting, abominating, loathing.

2. Odious, offensive, shocking, repugnant, hateful, loathsome.

Abide, v. n. 1. Stay, sojourn, tarry, lodge, rest, keep, take up one's quarters, pitch one's tent.

2. Dwell, reside, live, inhabit, settle, plant one's self, get a footing, get a foothold.

3. Remain, continue, persist, persevere, subsist, go on, keep on, be steadfast, be constant.

4. Endure, bear.

Abide, v. a. 1. Await, attend, wait for, be in readiness for, be in store for.

2. Endure, tolerate, bear, brook, suffer, bear with, put up with.

Abide by. Act up to, conform to, persist in.

Abiding, a. Permanent, lasting, durable, constant, continuing, stable.

Ability, n. 1. Power (to execute any thing), ableness, force, potency, might, efficiency, efficacy, strength, energy, skill, skilfulness, dexterity, address, cleverness, ingenuity, talent, aptitude, aptness, knack, expertness, facility, quickness, readiness.

2. Qualification, competency, sufficiency.

3. Capacity, capability, capableness, faculty, gift, parts, genius, endowment, calibre, forte, turn.

Abject, a. Base, vile, mean, low, despicable, contemptible, beggarly, paltry, dirty, squalid, grovelling, pitiful, ignoble, degraded, worthless, poor, servile, slavish, menial, sneaking, sordid, shabby, scurvy, miserable, wretched, low-minded, base-minded, earth-born, earth-bred.

Abjection, n. 1. [Rare.] Humbling, humiliation.

2. Abasement, abjectness.

Abjectness, n. Meanness, servility, vileness, baseness, abasement, abjection, contemptibleness.

Abjuration, 1. Renunciation (upon oath), relinquishment, rejection, abandonment, abnegation.

2. Recantation, retraction, revocation, repeal, reversal, recall.

Abjure, v. a. 1. Renounce (upon oath), relinquish, forego, reject, forswear, abandon, abnegate, give up, cast off.

2. Retract, revoke, recant, recall, withdraw, disavow, take back.

Able, a. 1. Clever, accomplished, talented, adroit, ingenious, expert, dexterous, apt, quick, skilful, efficient, proficient, good, versed, practical, au fait.

2. Qualified, fitted, competent.

3. Capable, gifted, powerful, strong, mighty, highly endowed.

4. Masterly, effective, telling.

Ableness, n. Ability.

Ablution, n. Washing (especially of the body, as a religious rite), lavation, bathing, wash.

Abnegate, v. a. [Rare.] Deny, reject, renounce, abjure.

Abnegation, n. Denial, renunciation, rejection, abandonment, abjuration, surrender.

Abnormal, a. Irregular, anomalous, anomalistic, unusual, unnatural, singular, peculiar, unconformable, exceptional, heteroclite, aberrant, eccentric, erratic, strange, monstrous, preternatural.

Abnormity, n. Irregularity, unconformity, anomaly, peculiarity, singularity, monstrosity.

Aboard, ad. On board, in the ship, in the vessel.

Abode, n. 1. Habitation, dwelling, lodging, domicile, home, house, seat, place, quarters, head-quarters, place of residence.

2. [Rare.] Continuance (in a place), stay, residence.

Abolish, v. a. 1. Abrogate, annul, disannul, repeal, rescind, revoke, cancel, nullify, quash, vacate, invalidate, set aside, make void.

2. Destroy, overthrow, subvert, obliterate, extirpate, eradicate, annihilate, extinguish, suppress, disestablish, do away, put an end to.

Abolition, n. 1. Abrogation, annulment, annulling, nullification, rescinding, revocation, cancelling, repeal, rescission.

2. Destruction, overthrow, subversion, obliteration, extirpation, eradication, annihilation, extinction, extinguishment, suppression, disestablishment.

Abominable, a. 1. Hateful, odious, detestable, horrid, horrible, execrable, nefarious, damnable, cursed, accursed, hellish.

2. Loathsome, offensive, obnoxious, foul, nauseous, nauseating, disgusting, sickening, repulsive, revolting, shocking.

3. Vile, wretched, sorry, scurvy, shabby, bad.

Abominate, v. a. Abhor, detest, execrate, hate, loathe, nauseate, shrink from, recoil from, shudder at, view with horror.

Abomination, n. 1. Abhorrence, detestation, execration, hatred, loathing, disgust, antipathy.

2. Contamination, pollution, defilement, taint, uncleanness, impurity, foulness.

3. Nuisance, annoyance, plague, infliction, torment, curse, great evil, hateful thing.

Aboriginal, a. Primitive, primeval, primordial, pristine, primary, prime, original, first, native, indigenous, autochthonal.

Abortion, n. 1. Miscarriage.

2. Failure, disappointment, want of success, vain effort or attempt.

Abortive, a. 1. Miscarrying, failing, untimely, immature.

2. Unavailing, vain, fruitless, useless, bootless, ineffectual, ineffective, inoperative, unsuccessful, profitless, futile, unprofitable, idle, nugatory, in vain, of no account.

Abound, v. n. 1. Teem, swarm, superabound, swell, flow, increase, multiply, be in great plenty, be numerous, be very prevalent.

2. Exuberate, luxuriate, revel, wanton, be well furnished, be well supplied.

About, prep. 1. Around, round, encircling, surrounding.

2. Near, near to, not far from.

3. Concerning, touching, respecting, relating to, relative to, with respect to, with reference to, in regard to, with regard to.

4. Through, over.

About, ad. 1. Around, here and there.

2. Nearly, near, approximately, not far from.

3. Ready, in a state of readiness, on the point.

Above, prep. 1. Higher than.

2. Over, exceeding, more than, greater than.

3. Beyond, superior to.

4. Too high for, too proud for.

Above, ad. 1. Overhead, aloft, on high, in a high place.

2. Before, in a former part.

3. Of a higher rank or order.

Above all. Chiefly, in the first place, before all other considerations.

Above-board, ad. Openly, candidly, ingenuously, frankly, sincerely, fairly, in open sight, without artifice, without equivocation, without guile, without disguise.

Abrade, v. a. Scrape, wear away, wear off, rub off.

Abrasion, n. Friction, attrition, rubbing, disintegration, confrication, wearing away, wearing off, rubbing off.

Abreast, ad. 1. Alongside, side by side.

2. Against, off, on a line with, opposite to.

Abridge, v. a. 1. Shorten (by compression), epitomize, condense, compress, make an abstract of.

2. Diminish, reduce, contract, curtail, lessen, abbreviate, retrench, cut down.

3. Deprive, dispossess, divest.

Abridger, n. Epitomizer, writer of an epitome.

Abridgment, n. 1. Shortening (by compression), contraction, diminution, reduction, abbreviation, curtailment, retrenchment.

2. Compendium, compend, epitome, summary, abstract, digest, synopsis, syllabus, breviary, brief, conspectus, outline, sum and substance.

3. Deprivation, dispossession.

Abroach, ad. 1. Broached, tapped, on tap.

2. A-going.

Abroad, ad. 1. Widely, at large.

2. Forth, out of the house, out of doors, in the open air.

3. Extensively, before the public.

4. Without (as opposed to within).

Abrogate, v. a. Annul, disannul, repeal, revoke, rescind, cancel, abolish, nullify, quash, vacate, invalidate, overrule, set aside, do away, make void.

Abrogation, n. Repeal, rescission, rescinding, abolition, annulment, annulling, revocation.

Abrupt, a. 1. Broken, cragged, craggy, rough, rugged.

2. Steep, precipitous.

3. Sudden, unexpected, unanticipated, precipitate, hasty, unseasonable, ill-timed, unlooked for.

4. Short, blunt, unceremonious, curt.

5. Inelegant (as style), stiff, cramped, harsh, disconnected, unconnected.

Abscess, n. Sore, ulcer, fester, imposthume, pustule, gathering, boil.

Abscond, v. n. 1. Withdraw, flee, fly, decamp, escape, elope, retreat, bolt, make off, steal away, slink away, slip away, run away, run off, sneak off, pack off, effect one's escape.

2. Hide, secrete one's self.

Absence, n. 1. Non-attendance, non-appearance.

2. Inattention, abstraction, preoccupation, distraction, revery, musing, brown study, absence of mind.

3. Want, deficiency, lack, default.

4. Privation, negation.

Absent, a. 1. Away, gone, not present.

2. Abstracted, preoccupied, inattentive, dreaming, musing, lost, napping, absent-minded, in a brown study.

Absent-minded, a. Abstracted, absent.

Absent one's self, Be not present, stay away.

Absolute, a. 1. Independent, unrestricted, unqualified, unlimited, unconditional, unconditioned, complete, perfect.

2. Despotic, arbitrary, tyrannical, tyrannous, imperious, imperative, authoritative, autocratic, dictatorial, irresponsible.

3. Positive, actual, real, veritable, determinate, decided, genuine, categorical, unequivocal, certain.

Absolutely, ad. 1. Completely, unconditionally, without limit.

2. Truly, actually, positively, indeed, really, in fact, in reality, in truth.

Absoluteness, n. 1. Despotism, absolutism.

2. Positiveness, reality, actuality.

Absolution, n. Acquittal, remission, discharge, release, liberation, deliverance, clearance, forgiveness, pardon, indulgence, justification.

Absolutism, n. Absoluteness, arbitrariness, despotism, tyranny, autocracy.

Absolutory, a. Clearing, acquitting, releasing, pardoning, forgiving, absolvatory.

Absolvatory, a. Absolutory.

Absolve, v. a. Acquit, clear, release, liberate, free, discharge, loose, deliver, exculpate, exonerate, excuse, forgive, pardon, justify, set free.

Absorb, v. a. 1. Imbibe, take in, take up, suck in, suck up, drink in.

2. Consume, exhaust, destroy, engorge, devour, engulf, swallow up.

3. Engross, engage, immerse, occupy, arrest, fix, rivet.

Absorbent, a. Absorbing, imbibing.

Absorption, n. 1. Absorbing.

2. Engrossment, occupation, engagement, immersion.

Abstain, v. n. Refrain, forbear, desist, deny one's self, hold or keep one's self back, stay one's hand, keep one's self from indulgence.

Abstemious, a. Abstinent (by habit), sober, moderate, habitually temperate, sparing in diet.

Abstemiousness, n. Temperance (as a habit), abstinence.

Abstergent, a. (Med.) Cleansing, purifying, purgative, cathartic.

Abstinence, n. 1. Abstaining, refraining.

2. Abstemiousness, soberness, temperance, moderation.

Abstinent, a. 1. Abstaining, fasting.

2. Abstemious, sober, temperate.

Abstract, v. a. 1. Separate, disunite, disjoin, dissociate, isolate, detach, disengage.

2. Take, seize, appropriate, steal, purloin.

3. Abridge, abbreviate, epitomize, make an abstract of.

Abstract, a. 1. Separate, isolated, not concrete.

2. Occult, recondite, subtile, refined, abstracted, abstruse.

Abstract, n. Abridgment, epitome, summary, conspectus, compend, compendium, synopsis, syllabus, outline, digest, brief, breviary, sum and substance, concise statement.

Abstracted, a. 1. Subtile, refined, abstract, abstruse.

2. Inattentive, preoccupied, lost, dreaming, musing, absent, absent-minded, in a revery, in a brown study.

Abstraction, n. 1. Separation, disconnection, disjunction, isolation.

2. Preoccupation, inattention, revery, musing, muse, absence, absence of mind, brown study.

3. Taking, abduction, seizure, appropriation, stealing, purloining, pilfering.

Abstruse, a. Recondite, occult, profound, hidden, transcendental, obscure, difficult, dark, enigmatical, mysterious, mystic, mystical, high, abstract, abstracted, subtile, refined.

Absurd, a. Unreasonable, irrational, foolish, nonsensical, ridiculous, incongruous, senseless, unwise, silly, stupid, preposterous, paradoxical, ill-judged, ill-advised, contrary to reason, contrary to the dictates of common sense.

Absurdity, n. 1. Unreasonableness, irrationality, foolishness, folly, foolery, extravagance, absurdness.

2. Paradox, mare's nest, cart before the horse, absurd thing.

Absurdness, n. Absurdity.

Absurd story, Cock-and-bull-story, fiddle-faddle, neither rhyme nor reason.

Abundance, n. Flow, overflow, exuberance, luxuriance, fertility, copiousness, profusion, richness, largeness, ampleness, wealth, affluence, store, more than enough, great plenty.

Abundant, a. Abounding, flowing, overflowing, plentiful, plenteous, copious, much, exuberant, luxuriant, replete, full, large, ample, good, liberal, bountiful, lavish, rich, teeming, thick.

Abuse, v. a. 1. Misuse, misemploy, misapply, pervert, prostitute, desecrate, profane, make an ill use of.

2. Maltreat, harm, injure, hurt, ill-treat, ill-use.

3. Revile, reproach, vilify, slander, traduce, defame, asperse, malign, blacken, disparage, berate, rate, upbraid, calumniate, lampoon, satirize, lash, pasquinade, vituperate, rail at, sneer at, speak ill of, accuse falsely, damn with faint praise.

4. Violate, outrage, ravish, deflour.

Abuse, n. 1. Misapplication, misuse, misemployment, profanation, prostitution, desecration, perversion, ill-use.

2. Maltreatment, outrage, ill-treatment, bad treatment.

3. Corrupt practice.

4. Vituperation, railing, reviling, contumely, obloquy, opprobrium, insult, scurrility, ribaldry, jaw, foul invective, rude reproach.

Abusive, a. Reproachful, opprobrious, scurrilous, ribald, contumelious, vituperative, condemnatory, damnatory, invective, calumnious, denunciatory, insulting, insolent.

Abut against, Meet (end to end or side to side), be contiguous.

Abut upon, Meet (end to end or side to side), be contiguous.

Abyss, n. 1. Gulf, gorge, great depth, bottomless gulf or pit.

2. Hell, limbo, purgatory.

Academic, a. 1. Scholastic, literary, lettered.

Academical, a. 1. Scholastic, literary, lettered.

2. Platonic, of Plato.

Academy, n. School, seminary, institute, gymnasium, high school, college.

Acarpous, a. (Bot.) Unfruitful, sterile, barren, fruitless, unproductive.

Accede, v. n. Consent, agree, assent, acquiesce, comply, yield assent, give assent.

Accelerate, v. a. Hasten, expedite, hurry, quicken, speed, precipitate, despatch, urge forward, push forward, push on, press on, urge on.

Acceleration, n. Hastening, increase of velocity.

Accent, n. 1. Intonation, cadence, tone, modulation of voice.

2. Stress (on a certain syllable).

Accent, v. a. Accentuate, lay stress upon, pronounce with accent.

Accents, n. pl. Language, words.

Accentuate, v. a. 1. Mark with accent, put the mark of accent upon.

2. Accent, lay stress upon, pronounce with accent.

Accept, v. a. 1. Take (what is offered), receive.

2. Admit, assent to, agree to, accede to, acquiesce in.

3. Estimate, regard, value.

Acceptable, a. Welcome, pleasing, pleasant, agreeable, grateful, gratifying.

Acceptance, n. 1. Accepting, taking, reception, receipt.

2. Favorable reception.

3. (Com.) Accepted bill (of exchange).

Acceptation, n. Meaning, signification, significance, sense, import.

Access, n. 1. Avenue, approach, passage, way, passage-way, way of approach.

2. Admission, admittance, means of approach, liberty to approach.

Accessary, a. Assisting, aiding, abetting, helping, accessory.

Accessary, n. Confederate, accomplice, abettor, accessory, associate (in a crime), particeps criminis, socius criminis.

Accession, n. 1. Addition, increase, enlargement, augmentation, extension.

2. Coming into power (as a new dynasty).

Accessory, a. Assisting, accessary.

Accessory, n. 1. Confederate, accessary.

2. Accompaniment, attendant, concomitant.

Accidence, n. Grammar, rudiments or elements of grammar.

Accident, n. 1. Casualty, chance, fortuity, mischance, misadventure, calamity, mishap, hap, hazard, contingency, contretemps, unforeseen or fortuitous event.

2. Property, quality, modification, affection, mode.

Accidental, a. 1. Casual, fortuitous, contingent, that happens by chance, not designed, not planned.

2. Incidental, adventitious, non-essential.

Accidentalness, n. Contingency, fortuity.

Accipitres, n. pl. [L.] (Ornith.) Raptors, raptores, raptorials, rapacious birds, birds of prey.

Acclaim, n. [Poetical.] Acclamation.

Acclamation, n. Applause, plaudit, shouting, cheer, cry, outcry, eclat, acclaim, shout of applause.

Acclimate, v. a. Acclimatize, inure or habituate to a climate.

Acclimatize, v. a. Acclimate.

Acclivity, n. Ascent, slope (upwards), rising ground.

Accommodate, v. a. 1. Oblige, serve, supply, furnish, do a service for, supply the wants of, minister to the convenience of.

2. Fit, suit, adapt, make conform, make conformable.

3. Reconcile, adjust, settle, compose.

Accommodate with, Furnish, supply, afford, spare, give.

Accommodation, n. 1. Advantage, privilege, convenience, easement, supply of wants, provision of conveniences.

2. Agreement, adaptation, fitness, suitableness, conformity.

3. Reconciliation, adjustment, pacification, settlement.

Accompaniment, n. Appendage, concomitant, attendant, adjunct, attachment, appurtenance.

Accompany, v. a. Attend, escort, convoy, follow, wait on, be associated with, keep company with, go with, go along with, go hand in hand with.

Accomplice, n. Confederate, accessary, abettor, associate (in a crime), particeps criminis, socius criminis.