Twice
Copyright
HarperCollinsPublishers
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First published by HarperCollinsPublishers 2020
FIRST EDITION
Text © Jamie Heal 2020
Cover design by Caroline Young © HarperCollinsPublishers Ltd 2020
Cover photographs © Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images (headshots), Han Myung-Gu/Wire Image/Getty Images (Mina), Aflo Co. Ltd./Alamy Stock Photo (group photo), Shutterstock.com (Polaroid)
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Source ISBN: 9780008404772
Ebook Edition © October 2020 ISBN: 9780008404789
Version: 2020-09-10
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CONTENTS
1 Cover
2 Title Page
3 Copyright
4 Note to Readers
5 Contents
6 An Intro to K-pop
7 PART ONE: THE TWICE STORY
8 1 6Mix and Sixteen
9 2 Debut
10 3 The Story Begins
11 4 Once
12 5 Cheer Up
13 6 A Winning Formula
14 7 One in a Million
15 8 Welcome to Twiceland
16 9 The Nation’s Favourites
17 10 What is Love?
18 11 Summer Nights
19 12 Cheers and Tears
20 13 Feel Special
21 14 More & More
22 PART TWO: THE TWICE MEMBERS
23 15 Nayeon
24 16 Jeongyeon
25 17 Momo
26 18 Sana
27 19 Jihyo
28 20 Mina
29 21 Dahyun
30 22 Chaeyoung
31 23 Tzuyu
32 Picture Section
33 List of Searchable Terms
34 About the Publisher
LandmarksCoverFrontmatterStart of ContentBackmatter
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An Intro to K-pop
Korean pop music – K-pop – is a broad term that covers a huge number of solo artists and groups. They are diverse in terms of musical genre – encompassing R’n’B, dance, hip-hop, ballads, rock and indie – and vary in style, size of group and, increasingly, nationality, with many groups having members from Japan, China and other countries. What nearly all these groups – including Twice – share is the culture of K-pop. This culture has grown over the last 20 years or so to produce and promote not only the music of these artists, but also their dance skills, their looks and their personalities. The following is a brief guide to some of the landmarks, concepts and events that may help anyone who is new to this fascinating genre to understand K-pop.
ENTERTAINMENT COMPANIES
Like Western record labels, entertainment companies are agencies that manage and fund the recordings and promotion of K-pop acts. There are many such companies, but for over ten years the so-called ‘Big Three’ – SM Entertainment, YG Entertainment and JYP Entertainment – have dominated K-pop, although recently BTS’s company Big Hit Entertainment has become a major player. These companies manage groups, solo artists and actors, often under strict contracts which restrict activities such as diets, dating and social interactions.
TRAINEES
The entertainment companies are constantly scouting and auditioning for new talent. Often signed as young teenagers, those who are selected can spend many years intensively learning vocal, dance and other useful skills, such as languages, as well as attending school for their education. Being a trainee can be gruelling work, with monthly evaluations that can lead to many failing to make the grade and being rejected. Those who remain do so in the hope that they will be chosen by the company to ‘debut’ (see below).
GROUP ROLES AND LINES
K-pop groups commonly have four or more members. Although all will sing and dance, each will be given a specific role within the group. There will be singers, dancers and visuals (those whose looks alone get them noticed). Each group will have a leader (often, though not always, the oldest member) and a maknae, the youngest member, who is treated as the baby of the group and expected to be super-cute. Often, fans will also pick out sub-groups or ‘lines’, which can be based on their roles, such as the vocal line, being the same age and so sharing a birth year – as in the 98 line – their nationality – as seen in Twice’s Japanese, or J-line – or any characteristics that link them.
DEBUT
The company – its producers, choreographers, stylists, vocal tutors and other experts – work with the selected members towards a launch date known as the debut. This debut is often make or break; a big chance to make an impression in a crowded market. Many companies will spend months preparing the ground for a debut. They will release teaser photos and videos of each member of the group in advance, or even clips or whole pre-debut videos. On debut day the act will perform at a special showcase, with media appearances and performances on music shows following over the next month.
IDOL
An idol is a mainstream K-pop star, as opposed to a hip-hop artist, rock musician or acts from other ‘outsider’ genres. Idols are expected to be multi-talented, able to act, sing, dance and look good. They are also expected to interact with fans, in person and on social media, and participate in variety shows.
AEGYO
Aegyo, pronounced ‘egg-yo’, is the use of cute voices, facial expressions and gestures to show affection or to flirt. Female (and some male) idols are expected to perform aegyo on variety shows, at fan meetings and in concerts. It can often take the form of baby voices, using hands to make symbols such as hearts or kisses, or creating a super-cute face by making pretend dimples or forming a ‘V’-shaped chin.
GIRL CRUSH
Girl groups traditionally had a cute and innocent image, and often dressed in schoolgirl-style uniforms or girly, candy-coloured outfits. However, the 2010s groups, such as Miss A, f(x) and 2NE1, took on a more hard-edged, confident, individual and sexy image, more akin to that of Western artists. This vibe became known as ‘girl crush’. As the decade progressed, some groups, such as Red Velvet and Girls’ Generation, portrayed both cutesy and girl-crush concepts.
MUSIC SHOWS
There are music shows on national and cable South Korean television nearly every day. They have different formats, but all enable the groups to perform their latest release and sometimes other songs, too. They show music videos, but performances (even if groups often lip sync) in front of a live audience are an essential element. Each show also presents a prize to the most popular act – to ‘win a music show’ is the first ambition of any K-pop idol. Many shows often have Christmas or other seasonal specials in which groups can perform covers of hits or join other artists in one-off performances.
VARIETY SHOWS
Idols can show off their personalities and sense of fun by appearing on one of South Korea’s numerous variety shows. These can be straightforward chat shows, but more often they involve challenges, games, pranks and opportunities for idols to demonstrate their skills. Shows such as Weekly Idol, Running Man and Knowing Bros feature popular dance games in which idols dance to other groups’ choreography or speeded-up versions or randomly selected parts of their own songs.
V LIVE
Launched in 2015, this app provides a streaming service for K-pop fans. Artists are able to post videos or recordings and talk live to fans, who can themselves post comments which are sometimes read aloud in the stream. These livestreams can be advertised in advance or they may be impromptu broadcasts flagged by phone notifications. Twice are frequent users of the service. They often stream from their dorm, but also from concert dressing rooms, backstage at TV shows, from airports and even during taxi journeys. Many of the broadcasts are subtitled for international fans.
AWARD SHOWS
K-pop has a multitude of annual award shows that recognise artists’ status, recordings and performances over the year. The most prestigious are MAMA (Mnet Asian Music Awards), MMA (Melon Music Awards), Korean Music Awards, Seoul Music Awards and the Golden Disc Awards. These are glittering events where idols pose for photographers on the red carpet and sit together in a VIP section. Many acts perform one or a medley of songs and fans loudly support their favourites. Awards are decided upon in various ways – usually sales, streams and online votes are included – so they often provoke controversy.
FANDOMS
K-pop fans support their artists with a passion, and established acts have their own fandoms with their own names. Twice have Once, BTS have Army and Blackpink have Blink. Anyone can belong to a fandom, there is no membership and members can participate as much or as little as they choose. Online forums are the main channel of communication where fans are urged to stream their group’s videos, vote for them in music shows and awards, arrange chants and banners for concerts, and generally support the group’s members. Fandoms often collect sizeable charity donations in the name of their idols.
COMEBACKS
An act doesn’t need to have been absent for long to have a comeback, it’s just the release and promotion of new material. Often this will be tied into a change of ‘concept’ – this can be anything from a new hair colour to a totally new musical genre, but often involves a theme that encompasses outfits, style and music.
GENERATIONS
K-pop is considered to have four generations. The first generation emerged with the start of K-pop as we know it in the 1990s, with the pioneering Seo Taiji and Boys. It included girl-group successes S.E.S. and Fin.K.L. The second generation inspired the Korean Wave (hallyu) of the 2000s and gave birth to legends such as Girls’ Generation, 2NE1 and Wonder Girls, while Big Bang and Super Junior were the most popular boy bands. The third generation was spearheaded by EXO and then BTS, and saw Twice as well as Blackpink, Red Velvet and others find international success, while from 2018 onwards, a fourth generation emerged, led by girl groups (G)I-dle, Iz*One and Itzy and boy bands Stray Kids and Ateez.
1
6Mix and Sixteen
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA: 18 OCTOBER 2015
Nine girls sit in front of the camera. They have been living together in an apartment – sharing two, three or four to a bedroom – for three months now. Their ages range from 16 to 19, their nationalities from Korean to Japanese to Taiwanese; some have been friends for years, others have only really known each other for six months. They look like any other group of teenage girls – very pretty teenage girls.
As the livestream begins, most of the talking is done by those in the front row, except the blonde girl in the centre who stares intently at the camera with her big round eyes. The four in the back row make supportive yelps and thumbs up and hearts and kisses with their fingers. They are all giggly, shy and very, very excited.
These girls are a new girl group and in two days’ time they will be releasing their first ever single and EP. It will be the start of an incredible journey …
At the heart of the Twice story is a man in his forties named Park Jin-young. Often known by his initials, JYP, he is a South Korean singer-songwriter with three top ten albums and five top ten singles, including ‘Who’s Your Mama?’, a 2015 number one hit. Born in 1971, he is a prolific songwriter and producer for many Korean artists and groups, but, most importantly in the Twice story, he is the founder and CEO of JYP Entertainment.
Park Jin-young founded JYP Entertainment in 1997, but it was the massive success of boy band g.o.d and singer Rain, both integral to the first hallyu wave of the early 2000s, that established the company as a major K-pop player. In 2007, JYP Entertainment launched its first girl group, Wonder Girls. Originally a five-member group with an average age of 16, they were a sensation. They mixed hip-hop, R’n’B and retro styles, constantly swapped visual concepts and had hit after hit, including their debut ‘Irony’, ‘Tell Me’ – which was propelled by member Sohee’s iconic ‘Omona’ line – followed by 2008’s ‘So Hot’ and ‘Nobody’. They even became the first ever K-pop group to break into the US Billboard Hot 100 when ‘Nobody’ reached number 76. Wonder Girls dominated K-pop in the following years, with only SM Entertainment’s Girls’ Generation matching their success.
JYP Entertainment followed Wonder Girls with other successful launches, particularly another girl group, Miss A, and boy band 2PM. Miss A’s debut ‘Bad Girl, Good Girl’ became a K-pop classic with singer Suzy destined to become the darling of the nation. JYP himself was a popular figure, making cameo appearances in music videos and on his artists’ tracks, and he was always a welcome guest on TV variety shows. Among all the entertainment companies, JYP Entertainment enjoyed the best press. They had a reputation for treating trainees and their stars with respect. JYP was known for selecting idols for debut on the basis of their personality, not just their appearance, and listening to his idols’ views and opinions. After all, JYP was still a recording artist himself.
K-pop never stands still, though, and by the end of 2013 things were not looking quite so rosy for JYP Entertainment. 2PM were still enjoying reasonable success, but on the girl-group side, both Wonder Girls and Miss A were in an extended hiatus and it wasn’t known when or whether they would return. According to some, JYP Entertainment were in danger of losing their Big Three company status. They needed a major new act, so they debuted a new boy band, Got7, in January 2014, and announced plans for two new groups to debut in April: a boy band named 5Live (who would eventually debut in 2015 as Day6) and a girl group called 6Mix.
JYP Entertainment had high hopes for 6Mix. According to press information supplemented by rumour, the group was made up of six long-standing trainees. The first to be confirmed was American-Korean Lena, who at 20 was two years older than the others and had already featured as a rapper on Sunmi’s ‘Full Moon’. Then there was Cecilia, an Australian-Chinese trainee, and four long-standing Korean trainees: Jisoo (whose stage name was Jihyo), Jeongyeon, Nayeon and Minyoung. The group was well balanced, they had trained together for many years and were well prepared for their debut.
Then, on 16 April 2014, tragedy hit South Korea. A ferry bound for the holiday destination of Jeju Island, off the coast of Korea, sank, and 304 passengers and crew died, most of them high-school students. As a shocked nation went into mourning, JYP Entertainment knew it was no time to launch a new group, so they quietly postponed their plans. However, the delay had an impact on 6Mix and Cecilia left the company soon afterwards. Some say she had second thoughts about being an idol, others claim she was suffering from a debilitating knee injury, but she returned to China where she now has a successful career as an actor under the name Song Yan-fei.
6Mix was not finished yet, though. JYP Entertainment had plenty of trainees to choose from and Sana, a Japanese trainee already known to the others, was selected to fill the empty spot. Sana had already been placed in an all-Japanese group which was working towards a debut, but her move left them in limbo. Two – Momo and Mina – stayed at JYP Entertainment, but Sika, Riho and Mone soon left (Sika would eventually debut in 2018 with girl group Fanatics). Meanwhile, the new 6Mix line-up began training together through the autumn of 2014.
Somewhere in the JYP Entertainment offices that winter a decision was made to rethink the plans surrounding their first girl group since Miss A in 2010. In February 2015, instead of news of a debut date, K-pop followers learned that a new girl group was to be formed through a TV survival show to be broadcast in the spring. Contestants would all be JYP trainees and would comprise a selection of younger girls who had been working towards a 2017 debut, what was left of the Japanese group and the current members of 6Mix. There would be one notable absentee; sometime in this period, Lena, a lynchpin of the 6Mix concept, left the company, although like Cecilia she would find some future success as an actor in China.
On 10 April 2015, JYP Entertainment dropped a teaser video announcing Sixteen, a ten-episode TV survival show on Korean TV channel Mnet. This ‘new girl-group project’ aimed to whittle down 16 trainees to a seven-girl group. It promised to be revealing – and brutal. JYP was to test what remained of his 6Mix elite against other trainees, to see who had the confidence and talent to perform under immense pressure. The aim was to create a group that had demonstrated their skills and established a fan base ahead of their debut.
The Korean public love talent shows. Superstar K had long been popular, but since 2011 K-pop Star had eclipsed it by promising the winner a debut with the company of his or her choice. JYP himself had been a judge on all four series of K-pop Star and his comments were always incisive yet sensitive. JYP Entertainment had also used the survival show format before to good effect. The 2011 series Hot Blood Men had focused on the training of a boy band called One Day. However, before debuting them JYP had split the band into two: 2AM and 2PM. He wasn’t afraid to change his mind and had been proved right when both groups went on to great success.
JYP had every hope that this new series would produce an act that would be just as successful. The contenders were the best of his company’s female trainees – an older group, who were all around 18, and a younger group, who were 15 or under. They were announced one by one, with their own short teaser, and at last we got to meet the remaining members of 6Mix: Nayeon, whose teaser line ‘I am a girl … that is good to date!’ made her an instant favourite; ten-year veteran trainee Jihyo; vocal powerhouse Minyoung; bright and bubby Japanese girl Sana; and, the last of the 16 to be revealed, the chic and classy Jeongyeon. In addition, there were two other Japanese trainees: Momo had been training in Korea since April 2012 and had a reputation for being a super-talented dancer, while Mina had only been at JYP for ten months and was a complete unknown, even to keen K-pop followers, who just had her brief but fierce teaser dance to go on.
In the younger group there were three other Korean-born long-term trainees: Dahyun, who was already known to many since a video of her ‘eagle dance’ in church went viral years earlier; Jiwon, another strong singer who had been a trainee at JYP for three years; and the diminutive rapper Chaeyoung, who, though only just 16 years old, had also been at JYP since 2012.
The other seven trainees were all 15 years old or younger. They were, however, a talented bunch. They included the sisters Chaeryeong (13) and Chaeyeon (14), who had both been signed by JYP after appearing in K-pop Star 3 in 2013; the sweet, chubby-cheeked Eunsuh (14); Somi (14), a Korean-Canadian with evident star quality whose teaser views made her the second favourite before the show started; and the distinctive Taiwanese Tzuyu (pronounced ‘Chewy’) who, a month shy of her 16th birthday, had already been at JYP for three years. The youngest of them all, however, was Natty from Thailand, who had just turned 13, but had the confidence and potential to justify her place in the group.
The format of the show pitched competing trainees into fluid major and minor teams, which reflected their chances of eventual success. Majors were given a symbolic pendant, but more importantly a whole set of privileges. They were treated like real idols with luxury dormitories, clothing expenses and daytime access to practice studios. Minors, on the other hand, were treated like poor cousins. Their dorms were cramped and smelly, they had to shop from street markets and, perhaps worst of all, they could only visit the practice studios between nine at night and nine in the morning. This tension drove the show, as a series of challenges allowed minors to prove themselves and take the pendant and the elite place of a major – the decisions were made by JYP after taking viewers’ online votes into consideration.
Before the series started in May 2015, JYP revealed that the new girl group would be called Twice – because they would touch people’s hearts twice, once through the ears and once through the eyes. Sixteen promised surprises and drama, with JYP admitting he had no idea who would make the final group. The first majors had been selected by his staff based on ‘past training scores’ and consisted of Nayeon, Minyoung, Jiwon, Momo, Mina, Chaeyoung and Dahyun. There was some surprise that Jeongyeon had been excluded from this elite group, but complete shock that Jihyo had been forced to join the minors (she herself was reduced to tears).
The next ten episodes, aired from May through to July, were devised to assess the girls as potential idols. Singing and dancing were obviously of prime interest, but they were also tested for teamwork, promotion, photoshoots and charisma. As the show progressed fans got to know each of the contestants through fly-on-the-wall clips that accompanied their performances – the nerves, arguments and even jealousies among the girls revealing what a harsh, dog-eat-dog series this was.