Конца света не будет. Почему экологический алармизм причиняет нам вред

330

Mark Dowie, Conservation Refugees: The Hundred-Year Conflict Between Global Conservation and Native Peoples (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009), xxi.

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332

Mark Dowie, Conservation Refugees: The Hundred-Year Conflict Between Global Conservation and Native Peoples.

333

Ibid., xxvi.

334

Sammy Zahran, Jeffrey G. Snodgrass, David G. Maranon et al., “Stress and Telomere Shortening Among Central Indian Conservation Refugees,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112, no. 9 (March 3, 2015): E928–E936, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1411902112.

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336

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Andrew Plumptre (senior scientist, Africa Program, Wildlife Conservation Society) in discussion with the author, November 6, 2019.

341

“2019–2020 Gorilla Tracking Permit Availability Uganda/Rwanda,” Kisoro Tours Uganda, https://kisorotoursuganda.com/2019-2020-gorilla-tracking-permit-availability-uganda-rwanda. Uganda remains a relative bargain at just $600.

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343

Plumptre et al., “The Socio-economic Status of People Living near Protected Areas in the Central Albertine Rift,” Albertine Rift Technical Reports 4 (2004): 116, https://albertinerift.wcs.org.

344

Alastair McNeilage (primatologist, Wildlife Conservation Society) in discussion with the author, February 5, 2015.

345

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347

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348

Michael Shellenberger, “Postcolonial Gorilla Conservation: An Interview with Ecologist Sarah Sawyer.”

349

Andrew Plumptre (senior scientist, Africa Program, Wildlife Conservation Society) in discussion with the author, February 10, 2015.

350

Andrew Plumptre (senior scientist, Africa Program, Wildlife Conservation Society) in discussion with the author, November 6, 2019.

351

Andrew Plumptre (senior scientist, Africa Program, Wildlife Conservation Society) in discussion with the author, November 6, 2019.

352

Andrew Plumptre (senior scientist, Africa Program, Wildlife Conservation Society) in discussion with the author, November 6, 2019.

353

“Once accustomed to harvesting game with traditional weapons for their own community’s use, expelled natives often buy rifles, re-enter their former hunting grounds, and begin poaching larger numbers of the same game for the growing ‘bush meat,’ or the meat from wild animals, trade, which like almost everything else has gone global,” noted the environmental journalist. In Cameroon in 2003, “impoverished and embittered refugees invaded both reserves and plundered their natural resources.” Dowie, Conservation Refugees, xxvi – xxvii.

354

Andrew Plumptre (senior scientist, Africa Program, Wildlife Conservation Society) in discussion with the author, February 10, 2015.

355

Andrew Plumptre (senior scientist, Africa Program, Wildlife Conservation Society) in discussion with the author, November 6, 2019.

356

Shannon Sims, “After Violence, Congo’s Virunga National Park Closes for the Year,” New York Times, June 14, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com.

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Mamy Bernadette Semutaga, interviewed by Caleb Kabanda, December 11, 2019.

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Alastair McNeilage (primatologist, Wildlife Conservation Society) in discussion with the author, February 5, 2015.

361

Alastair McNeilage (primatologist, Wildlife Conservation Society) in discussion with the author, February 5, 2015.

362

Alastair McNeilage (primatologist, Wildlife Conservation Society) in discussion with the author, February 5, 2015.

363

Alastair McNeilage (primatologist, Wildlife Conservation Society) in discussion with the author, February 5, 2015.

364

Alastair McNeilage (primatologist, Wildlife Conservation Society) in discussion with the author, February 5, 2015.

365

Alastair McNeilage (primatologist, Wildlife Conservation Society) in discussion with the author, February 5, 2015.

366

Alastair McNeilage (primatologist, Wildlife Conservation Society) in discussion with the author, February 5, 2015.

367

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368

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373

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374

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379

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380

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385

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386

Suparti (factory worker) in discussion with the author, June 8–9, 2015.

387

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389

FAO finds reforestation in Europe, Asia, North America, and the Caribbean. Central America, South America, Africa, and Oceania are still deforesting. The global rate of deforestation has been cut by over half since 1990, from 7.3 million to 3.3 million hectares per year as reforestation accelerated. “Data,” FAO.

390

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391

FAO projects that the amount of arable land and permanent crop area will stay nearly flat through 2050, as detailed in its report on the subject. Nikos Alexandratos and Jelle Bruinsma, “World Agriculture Towards 2030/2050: The 2012 Revision,” ESA Working Paper no. 12-03, Agricultural Development Economics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, June 2012, http://www.fao.org/3/a-ap106e.pdf.

392

Per FAO, global per capita kilocalorie production was 2,196 in 1961 and 2,884 in 2013. Along with the global population increase from 3.1 billion to 7.2 billion between 1961 and 2013, global food production has tripled. The amount of global land used for agriculture increased from 4.5 billion to 4.8 billion hectares over the same period. “Data,” FAO.

393

Per FAO, global per capita kilocalorie production was 2,196 in 1961 and 2,884 in 2013. Along with the global population increase from 3.1 billion to 7.2 billion between 1961 and 2013, global food production has tripled. The amount of global land used for agriculture increased from 4.5 billion to 4.8 billion hectares over the same period. “Data,” FAO.

394

Per FAO, global per capita kilocalorie production was 2,196 in 1961 and 2,884 in 2013. Along with the global population increase from 3.1 billion to 7.2 billion between 1961 and 2013, global food production has tripled. The amount of global land used for agriculture increased from 4.5 billion to 4.8 billion hectares over the same period. “Data,” FAO.

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397

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402

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