46
См.: An Act to authorize an additional Issue of United States Notes, and for other Purposes, July 1 1862, ch. 143, 12 Stat. 533.
47
См.: Bowen Walter S. & Neal Harry Edward, oP. cit., P. 13.
48
Ibid., P. 12-83.
49
См.: Kaiser Frederick, Origins of Secret Service Protection of the President: Personal, Interagency, and Institutional Conflict // Presidential Studies Quarterly, 1988, vol. XVIII, №. 1, P. 102.
50
Ibid., P. 112.
51
Supplementary Reports on Intelligence Activities. Book VI. Final Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Apr. 23, 1976. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington: 1976. P. 61.
52
См.: An Act Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and seven, and for other purposes, June 30, 1906, ch. 3914, 34 Stat. 708.
53
См.: William Corson. The Armies of Ignorance. The New York 1977. P.593.
54
См.: General Order № 292// General Orders and Circulars Issued by the Navy Department From 1863 to 1887. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1887. P. 208.
55
См.: US Government Manual. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1942, P. 203.
56
См.: Correspondence of the Military Intelligence Division Relating to "Negro Subversion" 1917-1941// National Archives Trust Fund Board National Archives and Records Administration. Washington: 1987. P.1.
57
См.: An act making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, and for other purposes, Sept. 22, 1888, 25 Stat. 483.
58
См.: Correspondence of the Military Intelligence Division Relating to "Negro Subversion" 1917-1941. P.1.
59
См.: US Government manual. Wash. 1942, P. 203.
60
См.: Niblack A. P. The Office of naval intelligence : its history and aims. Washington : Governmental Printing Office, 1928. P. 6-11.
61
См.: Hayburn,s Case, 2 Dall. (2 U.S.) 409 (1792).
62
См.: Edward F. Sayle George Washington, Manager of Intelligence, Studies in Intelligence, vol. 27, №. 4, 1983, P. 3-8.
63
См.: The Constitution of the United States, Articles in addition to, and Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America. Art. II, sec. 2. Цит. по: Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary, N. J. 1989, P. 1702.
64
См.: Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States, December 22, 1794, P.271.
65
См.: Kurtz v. Moffitt, 115 U.S. 487 (1885); Dynes v. Hoover, 20 How. (61 U.S.) 65 (1858).
66
См.: The Constitution of the United States, Articles in addition to, and Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America. Art. II, sec. 2. Цит. по: Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary, N. J. 1989, P. 1702.
67
Contingent Fund of Foreign Intercourse (Secret Service Fund).
68
Вряд ли справедливо считать Фонд секретной службы разведывательным органом. Фактически, разведывательная деятельность выступала лишь в качестве одной из направлений деятельности, финансируемых из бюджета Фонда. В равной мере Фонд мог выделять средства и на любые иные мероприятия, совершенно не связанные со спецификой тех задач, которые обычно решает разведка.
69
См.: Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States, July 3, 1797.
70
Имеется в виду конституционное право президента "…назначать послов и других официальных лиц". См.: The Constitution of the United States, Articles in addition to, and Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America. Art. II, sec. 2. Цит. по: Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary, N. J. 1989, P. 1702.
71
См.: Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States, July 3, 1797; Journal of the executive proceedings of the Senate of the United States of America, Tuesday, June 1, 1813.
72
О том, что осуществление связей с иностранными государствами относится к компетенции президента и подчиненных ему должностных лиц, говорит уже в 1790 году один из виднейших творцов американского конституционализма Т. Джефферсон: "…Осуществление связей с иностранными державами есть полностью прерогатива исполнительной ветви власти". См.: Opinion on the Question Whether the Senate Has the Right to Negative the Grade of Persons Appointed by the Executive to Fill Foreign Missions, April 24, 1790, 5 Writings of Thomas Jefferson, P. Ford ed. The New York: 1895, P.161, 162.
73
См.: Journal of the executive proceedings of the Senate of the United States of America, June 1, 1813, P.348; Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States, June 21, 1813, P.38; Journal of the executive proceedings of the Senate of the United States of America, April 12, 1822, P.281.
74
Этим же, видимо следует объяснять и тот факт, что судебная власть впервые вопрос о конституционной природе разведывательной деятельности поставила только в 1875 году, то есть почти через столетие после принятия Конституции США (Totten v. United States). – Прим. автора.
75
См.: Hearing before the Select Committee on Intelligence of the US Senate, 98-th Congress, 1-st session, On National Historic Intelligence museum. Nov. 3, 1983, Wash. 1984, P. 7.
76
В действительности, достаточно спорен сам вопрос о том, можно ли считать Гражданскую войну в США 1861-865 годов "периодом военного времени". Обычно, в качестве военного периода в США рассматривают лишь период участия США в военных действиях против внешнего противника. – Прим. Автора.
77
См.: Totten v. United States, 92 U.S. 105 (1875).
78
Обычно подобные вопросы Верховный Суд интерпретирует как "политические вопросы" и относит их к компетенции исполнительной и законодательной властей. См.: Foster v. Neilson, 2 Pet. (27 U. S.) 253 (1829).
79
См.: Prize Cases 2 Bl. (67 U.S.) 635 (1863).
80
См.: Totten v. United States, 92 U.S. 105 (1875).
81
См.: The Federalist, No. 69, J. Cooke ed., 1961, P.465.
82
См.: 1 Stat. 424 (1795); 2 Stat. 443 (1807).
83
См.: Martin v. Mott, 12 Wheat, (25 U.S.) 19, 32-33 (1827).
84
См.: William Corson The Armies of Ignorense. The New York 1977. P.593.
85
См.: The Constitution of the United States, Articles in addition to, and Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America. Art. II, sec. 2. Цит. по: Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary, N. J. 1989, P. 1702.
86
См.: 333 U.S. 103 (1948).
87
См.: Hayburn,s Case, 2 Dall. (2 U.S.) 409 (1792).
88
См.: Bishop Joseph Bucklin, Theodore Roosevelt and His Time. Vol. II. New York, Scribners, 1920. P. 94.
89
См.: Correspondence of the Military Intelligence Division Relating to "Negro Subversion" 1917-1941// National Archives Trust Fund Board National Archives and Records Administration. Washington: 1987. P.1-3.
90
War Between United States and Germany. Declared by Joint Res. April 6, 1917, 40 Stat. 1.
91
Kahn David, The Codebreakers: the Story of Secret Writing. New York: Scribner:1996. P. 352.
92
См.: Yardley, Herbert O. The American Black Chamber, Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis: 1931. P. 21-22.
93
См.: Hannah Theodore M., The Many Lives of Herbert O. Yardley. «UNCLASSIFIED». NSA Cryptologic Spectrum: 1981. P . 5.
94
См.: Memorandum from Brigadier General Marlborough Churchill, Director of Military Intelligence, to the Chief of Staff, 16 May 1919, subject: Permanent Organization for Code and Cipher Investigation and Attack.
95
Свое название новая служба получила по ассоциации с английской «black chamber», созданной Джоном Уоллисом (John Wallis) и французской «cabinet noir», созданной Антуаном Россиньолем (Antoine Rossignol), предшественников современных криптографических служб, которые еще в XVII веке осуществляли прочтение тайнописных текстов, вскрывали шифры и перлюстрировали почтовые отправления в так называемых «черных кабинетах».
96
См.: Hannah Theodore M., The Many Lives of Herbert O. Yardley. «UNCLASSIFIED». NSA Cryptologic Spectrum: 1981. P. 7.
97
Ibid., P. 8.
98
См.: Historical Background of the Signal Security Agency, published, in three volumes, by the Army Security Agency, Washington, D.C., 12 April 1946. Vol. 3, P.45.
99
См.: David Kahn, The Reader of Gentlemen’s Mail : Herbert O. Yardley and the Birth of American Codebreaking. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004. P.101.
100
См.: Statement for Record of Participation of Brigadier General Carter W. Clarke. GSC, In the Transmittal of Letters From General George C. Marshall to Governor Thomas E. Dewey, the Latter Part of September 1944. P. 12.
101
См.: Yardley, Herbert O. The American Black Chamber, Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis: 1931. P. 370.
102
Hearings before House Appropriation Committee on Sundry Civil Appropriation for 1909. P. 774;
103
Congressional Record, vol.42, P. 5554-5560; Congressional Record, vol.43, P. 458, 460, 462, 463, 655-657, 662-663, 672, 678, 2192, 3132.
104
Congressional Record, vol.42, P. 5555.
105
Congressional Record, vol.43, P. 656, 662-663, 672, 678-679.
106
An Act Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nine, and for other purposes. May 27,1908. 35 U.S. Stat. 328.
107
Annual Report of the United States Attorney General for 1909 year, P. 8-10.
108
Title pages of Uniform Crime Reports for 1934 and 1935.
109
Congressional Record, vol.43, P. 303, 311, 699, 3795-3801. House Res. 480 (60th Congress, 2nd Sess.), 1909; Sen. Res. 233(60th Congress 2nd Sess.), 1909.
110
Hearings before Selected Committee on ApproP. For the Prevention of Fraud in and Depredations upon the Public Service appointed Jan.20 1909, pursuant to House Res. 480 (60th Congress, 2nd Sess.),P.375.
111
43 Congressional Record P. 721-722.
112
43 Congressional Record P. 24-25,461,462,463.
113
Hearings House Appropriation Committee on Sundry Civil AppriP. for 1910 P. 1012-1013.
114
Ibid. P. 1041.
115
Hearings House Appropriation Committee on Legislative, Executive and Judical Appropriation for 1912, P. 202-203.
116
Annual Report of the United States Attorney General for 1910 26, Hearings House Appropriation Committee on Sundry Civil Appropriation for 1910, P. 1007,1008.
117
Hearings House Appropriation Committee on Sundry Civil Appropriation for 1909, P. 777; Hearings House Appropriation Committee on Legislative, Executive and Judicial Appropriation for 1911. -P. 268.
118
Hoover J. Edgar, Some Legal Aspects of Interstate Crime; Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., 1938. -P. 810, 26-27.
119
Congressional Record, vol.45, P. 1032.
120
Ibid. P. 820, 823.
121
Annual Report of the United States Attorney General for 1910 P.26; Annual Report of the United States Attorney General for 1911 P. 25.
122
45 Congressional Record P. 1032.
123
Johnson vs U.S., 215 Fed. 679 (Apr. 14. 1914); Hearings House Appropriation Committee on Sundry Civil Appropriation for 1915, P. 1156-1158.
124
Hearings House Appropriation Committee on Sundry Civil Appropriation for 1914, P. 871,872,874,876.
125
U.S. vs. Hotte, 236 U.S. 140, 145, 148 (Feb.1, 1915).
126
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 24, P. 480.
127
The New York Daily News, Feb. 19,26,28.
128
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 24, P. 478-479.
129
1940 Atty. Gen. 158.
130
Hearings House Appropriation Committee on Sundry Civil Appropriation for 1910, P. 1038.
131
Hearings House Appropriation Committee on Sundry Civil Appropriation for 1917, P. 1356.
132
Annual Report of the United States Attorney General for 1918, P. 730-734.
133
Lowenthal, Max, The Federal Bureau of Investigation, New York Harcourt Brace Jovanovich 1972, P.173.
134
Ibid 177 P.
135
Hearings House Appropriation Committee on Urgent Definciecy Appropriation for 1918, P. 855.
136
Annual Report of War Department for 1917, vol.1, P.129.
137
Annual Report of the United States Attorney General for 1918 76; Annual Report of the United States Attorney General for 1918 46-54, 104.
138
См.: Hyman Harold M. To Try Men's Souls: Loyalty Tests in American History. Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1959. P. 273.
139
См.: Jensen Joan M. The Price of Vigilance. Chicago, Rand McNally and Company, 1968. P.149-150.
140
Ungar, Sanford J., FBI : An Uncensored Look Behind the Walls, Boston, Toronto 1976, 42 P.
141
Ibid 42-43 P.
142
Coben, Stanley. A. Mitchell Palmer: Politician. New York: Columbia University Press, 1963. P.199.
143
Hagedorn, Ann. Savage Peace: Hope and Fear in America, 1919. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007. P.332.
144
Annual Report of the United States Attorney General for 1917 83; Annual Report of the United States Attorney General for 1918 24.
145
The New York Times,1918 Sept. 4. P.1.
146
Chicago Daily Tribune, July 14 1918, P.3.
147
The New York Tribune, Sept. 6, 1918, P.5.
148
The New York Evening World, Sept. 3, 1918, P.1.
149
The New York Times, Sept. 5, 1918, P.3; The New York Evening World, Sept. 5, 1918, P.1.
150
The New York Evening World, Sept. 5, 1918,P.1.
151
56 Cong. Rec. 10067.
152
Ibid. 9977.
153
Ibid. 9985.
154
Ibid. 9987.
155
The New York Times, Sept. 6,1918, P.24.
156
The New York Times, Sept. 8,1918, P.9.
157
Cummins and McFarland, Federal Justice, The New York, 1948, P.414.
158
Act of June 25 1798, ch.58, 1 Stat. 570, В закон дважды вносились поправки: July 6, 1798, ch. 66, 1 Stat. 577 and July 6, 1812, ch. 130, 2 Stat. 781.
159
6 апреле 1917 США официально вступили в войну против Германии на основании совместной резолюции Палаты Представителей и Сената, U.S. Code of Laws, Title 50, Joint Resolution of Senate and House of Representatives, P.1189, Washington, Governmental Printing Office 1989.
160
См.: Immigration Act of July 4, 1864, 13 Stat. 385; Immigration Act of Feb. 5 1917, 39 Stat. 874; Immigration Act of June 29 1918, 40 Stat. 634.
161
Annual Report of the United States Attorney General for 1917 year, p 58, Washington, Governmental Printing Office 1918.
162
Act of June 15 1917, 40 Stat. 217.
163
§ 4, 40 Stat. 219.
164
Act To define regulate, and punish trading with the enemy, and for other purposes, Oct. 6 1917, 40 Stat. 411.
165
В 1918 -1919 годах к закону было принято несколько поправок: Mar.28, 1918, 40 Stat. 460; Sept.24 1918, 40 Stat. 1020; July 11 1919, 41 Stat. 35.
166
Act of Oct.6 1917, Sec. 16, 40 Stat. 425.
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