AI CPU is a central processing unit for AI tasks, synonymous with AI processor.
AI engineer is an AI systems engineer.
AI engineering – transfer of AI technologies from the level of R&D, experiments and prototypes to the engineering and technical level, with the expanded implementation of AI methods and tools in IT systems to solve real production problems of a company, organization. One of the strategic technological trends (trends) that can radically affect the state of the economy, production, finance, the state of the environment and, in general, the quality of life of a person and humanity.
AI hardware (also AI-enabled hardware) is infrastructure hardware or artificial intelligence system, AI infrastructure.
AI industry – for example, commercial AI industry – commercial AI industry, commercial sector of the AI industry.
AI industry trends are promising directions for the development of the AI industry.
AI infrastructure (also AI-defined infrastructure, AI-enabled Infrastructure) is the infrastructure of an artificial intelligence system, AI infrastructure, AI infrastructure, for example, AI infrastructure research – research in the field of AI infrastructures (see also AI, AI hardware).
AI server is a server with (based on) AI; a server that provides solving AI problems.
AI shopper is a non-human economic entity that receives goods or services in exchange for payment. Examples include virtual personal assistants, smart appliances, connected cars, and IoT-enabled factory equipment. These AIs act on behalf of a human or organization client.
AI supercomputer – a supercomputer for artificial intelligence tasks, a supercomputer for AI, characterized by a focus on working with large amounts of data (see also artificial intelligence, supercomputer).
AI term – a term from the field of AI (from terminology, AI vocabulary), for example, in AI terms – in terms of AI (in AI language) (see also AI terminology).
AI terminology is the terminology of artificial intelligence, a set of technical terms related to the field of AI.
AI TRiSM is the management of an AI model to ensure trust, fairness, efficiency, security, and data protection.
AI vendor is a supplier of AI tools (systems, solutions).
AI winter (Winter of artificial intelligence) is a period of reduced interest in the subject area, reduced research funding. The term was coined by analogy with the idea of nuclear winter. The field of artificial intelligence has gone through several cycles of hype, followed by disappointment and criticism, followed by a strong cooling off of interest, and then followed by renewed interest years or decades later[31 - AI winter – Text: electronic. – https://en.wikipedia.org (https://en.wikipedia.org/) URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_winter (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_winter) (date of request: 07.07.2022)].
AI workstation is a workstation (PC) with (based on) AI; AI RS, a specialized computer for solving technical or scientific problems, AI tasks; usually connected to a LAN with multi-user operating systems, intended primarily for the individual work of one specialist.
AI-based management system is the process of creating policies, allocating decision-making rights and ensuring organizational responsibility for risk and investment decisions for an application, as well as using artificial intelligence methods.
AI-based systems are information processing technologies that include models and algorithms that provide the ability to learn and perform cognitive tasks, with results in the form of predictive assessment and decision making in a material and virtual environment. AI systems are designed to work with some degree of autonomy through modeling and representation of knowledge, as well as the use of data and the calculation of correlations. AI-based systems can use various methodologies, in particular: machine learning, including deep learning and reinforcement learning; automated reasoning, including planning, dispatching, knowledge representation and reasoning, search and optimization. AI-based systems can be used in cyber-physical systems, including equipment control systems via the Internet, robotic equipment, social robotics and human-machine interface systems that combine the functions of control, recognition, processing of data collected by sensors, as well as the operation of actuators in the environment of functioning of AI systems[32 - Рекомендация по этике искусственного интеллекта. – Text: electronic. – https://en.unesco.org (https://en.unesco.org/) URL: https://en.unesco.org/artificial-intelligence/ethics#recommendation (https://en.unesco.org/artificial-intelligence/ethics#recommendation) (date of request: 29.01.2022)].
AI-complete – in the field of artificial intelligence, the most difficult problems are informally known as AI-complete or AI-hard, implying that the difficulty of these computational problems is equivalent to that of solving the central artificial intelligence problem – making computers as intelligent as people, or strong AI. To call a problem AI-complete reflects an attitude that it would not be solved by a simple specific algorithm[33 - AI-complete – Text: electronic. – https://dic.academic.ru (https://dic.academic.ru/) URL: https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/eng_rus/373471/AI (https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/eng_rus/373471/AI) (date of request: 27.01.2022)].
AI-enabled are tools with AI, using AI and equipped with AI (see also AI-enabled device). AI-enabled is AI-enabled hardware or software that uses AI-enabled AI, such as AI-enabled tools.
AI-enabled device is a device supported by an artificial intelligence (AI) system, such as an intelligent robot.
AI-enabled healthcare device is an AI-enabled healthcare device.
AIOps (Artificial Intelligence for IT Operations) is the use of machine learning and other AI technologies to automate many processes that are currently done manually in an organization. AIOps is similar to MLOps in that it uses machine learning and other AI technologies to automate IT processes. It is different from MLOps in that the process automation occurs within an organization’s IT operations department instead of an organization’s machine learning and AI team. AIOps is also different from MLOps because it uses AI to automate many processes, not just one or two tasks like MLOps does.
AI-optimized is one that is optimized for AI tasks or optimized using AI tools, for example, an AI-optimized chip is a chip that is optimized for AI tasks (see also artificial intelligence).
AlexNet is the name of a neural network that won the ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge in 2012. It is named after Alex Krizhevsky, then a computer science PhD student at Stanford University. See ImageNet.
Algorithm – an exact prescription for the execution in a certain order of a system of operations for solving any problem from some given class (set) of problems. The term «algorithm» comes from the name of the Uzbek mathematician Musa Al-Khorezmi, who in the 9th century proposed the simplest arithmetic algorithms. In mathematics and cybernetics, a class of problems of a certain type is considered solved when an algorithm is established to solve it. Finding algorithms is a natural human goal in solving various classes of problems. Algorithm is a set of instructions for solving a problem or accomplishing a task. One common example of an algorithm is a recipe, which consists of specific instructions for preparing a dish or meal. Every computerized device uses algorithms to perform its functions in the form of hardware- or software-based routines. In finance, algorithms have become important in developing automated and high-frequency trading (HFT) systems, as well as in the pricing of sophisticated financial instruments like derivatives[34 - Algorithm – Text: electronic. – www.investopedia.com (http://www.investopedia.com/) (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/algorithm.asp (https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/algorithm.asp)].
Algorithm Economy is a term for the evolution of microservices and the functionality of algorithms to drive sophisticated application designs. The term is based on the utility of the algorithm in machine learning, artificial intelligence and other processes where software evolves beyond the limits of its original programming through the use of smart algorithm design. In the algorithm economy, companies can buy, sell or trade individual algorithms or pieces of an application. This decentralization of services is a more precise market than the market for full applications – for instance, applications that can share functional algorithms lead to more versatility for developers and more competition in markets[35 - Algorithm Economy – Text: electronic. – www.techopedia.com (http://www.techopedia.com/) (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/32904/algorithm-economy (https://www.techopedia.com/definition/32904/algorithm-economy)].
Algorithmic Assessment is a technical evaluation that helps identify and address potential risks and unintended consequences of AI systems across your business, to engender trust and build supportive systems around AI decision making.
All.Can – initiative to identify ways to optimize the efficiency of cancer care by focusing on improving outcomes for patients and identifying inefficient practices, using technology to demonstrate how efficient care happens[36 - All.can – Text: electronic. – https://digitalhealtheurope.eu (https://digitalhealtheurope.eu/) URL: https://digitalhealtheurope.eu/glossary/all-can/ (https://digitalhealtheurope.eu/glossary/all-can/) (date of request: 10.11.2022)].
Allscripts is a vendor of electronic health record systems for physician practices, hospitals and healthcare systems[37 - Allscripts – Text: electronic. – https://www.techtarget.com (https://www.techtarget.com/) URL: https://www.techtarget.com/searchhealthit/definitions (https://www.techtarget.com/searchhealthit/definitions) (date of request: 10.11.2022)].
AlphaGo (Программа AlphaGo) is the first computer program that defeated a professional player on the board game Go in October 2015. Later in October 2017, AlphaGo’s team released its new version named AlphaGo Zero which is stronger than any previous human-champion defeating versions. Go is played on 19 by 19 board which allows for 10171 possible layouts (chess 1050 configurations). It is estimated that there are 1080 atoms in the universe[38 - AlphaGo – Text: electronic. – https://tadviser.ru (https://tadviser.ru/) URL: https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/Продукт:AlphaGo (https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82:AlphaGo) (date of request: 19.02.2022)].
Ambient Computing is the evolution and combination of gesture and voice interfaces, speech recognition, cloud computing, wearable computing, IoT, augmented reality, AI and machine learning, and the quantified self[39 - Ambient Computing – Text: electronic. – https://www.freewave.com (https://www.freewave.com/) URL: https://www.freewave.com/freewaves-industrial-internet-of-things-iiot-glossary/ (https://www.freewave.com/freewaves-industrial-internet-of-things-iiot-glossary/) (date of request: 25.02.2023)].
Ambient intelligence (AmI) represents the future vision of intelligent computing where explicit input and output devices will not be required; instead, sensors and processors will be embedded into everyday devices and the environment will adapt to the user’s needs and desires seamlessly. AmI systems, will use the contextual information gathered through these embedded sensors and apply Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to interpret and anticipate the users’ needs. The technology will be designed to be human centric and easy to use[40 - Living with Ambient Intelligence: So, at Home with Technology – Text: electronic. – https://infosys.com (https://infosys.com/) URL: https://www.infosys.com/insights/ai-automation/ambient-intelligence.html#:~:text=Ambient%20intelligence%20(AmI)%20represents%20the,user's%20needs%20and%20desires%20seamlessly (https://www.infosys.com/insights/ai-automation/ambient-intelligence.html#:~:text=Ambient%20intelligence%20(AmI)%20represents%20the,user%27s%20needs%20and%20desires%20seamlessly). (date of request: 31.07.2022)].
Ambulatory medical record (AMR) is an electronically stored file of a patient’s outpatient medical records, which includes all surgeries and care that do not involve being admitted to a hospital[41 - Ambulatory medical record (amr) – Text: electronic. – https://www.techtarget.com (https://www.techtarget.com/) URL: https://www.techtarget.com/searchhealthit/definitions (https://www.techtarget.com/searchhealthit/definitions) (date of request: 10.11.2022)].
American health information management association (AHIMA) is a professional organization that promotes the business and clinical uses of electronic and paper-based medical information[42 - American health information management association (ahima) – Text: electronic. – https://www.techtarget.com (https://www.techtarget.com/) URL: https://www.techtarget.com/searchhealthit/definitions (https://www.techtarget.com/searchhealthit/definitions) (date of request: 10.11.2022)].
American medical association (AMA) is a physician group that works for healthcare reform and publishes a collection of medical journals[43 - American medical association (ama) – Text: electronic. – https://www.techtarget.com (https://www.techtarget.com/) URL: https://www.techtarget.com/searchhealthit/definitions (https://www.techtarget.com/searchhealthit/definitions) (date of request: 10.11.2022)].
An initial coin offering (ICO) is the cryptocurrency industry’s equivalent of an initial public offering (IPO). A company seeking to raise money to create a new coin, app, or service can launch an ICO as a way to raise funds[44 - An initial coin offering (ICO) – Text: electronic. – www.investopedia.com (http://www.investopedia.com/) (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/initial-coin-offering-ico.asp (https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/initial-coin-offering-ico.asp)].
Analytics is a systematic analysis of information (data) or statistics for the discovery, communication, and interpretation of meaningful data patterns for better decision-making[45 - Analytics – Text: electronic. – https://www.freewave.com (https://www.freewave.com/) URL: https://www.freewave.com/freewaves-industrial-internet-of-things-iiot-glossary/ (https://www.freewave.com/freewaves-industrial-internet-of-things-iiot-glossary/) (date of request: 25.02.2023)].
Anokhin’s theory of functional systems is a functional system consists of a certain number of nodal mechanisms, each of which takes its place and has a certain specific purpose. The first of these is afferent synthesis, in which four obligatory components are distinguished: dominant motivation, situational and triggering afferentation, and memory. The interaction of these components leads to the decision-making process.
Anonymization – process of removing all elements allowing the identification of an individual person (i.e., of rendering data anonymous). ISO/TS 25237:2008: process that removes the association between the identifying data set and the data subject. UK Information Commissioner’s Office: process of rendering data into a form which does not identify individuals and where identification is not likely to take place[46 - Anonymisation – Text: electronic. – https://digitalhealtheurope.eu (https://digitalhealtheurope.eu/) URL: https://digitalhealtheurope.eu/glossary/anonymisation/ (https://digitalhealtheurope.eu/glossary/anonymisation/) (date of request: 10.11.2022)].
Anonymized Data – data which was identifiable when collected but which are not identifiable anymore (have been rendered anonymous). Anonymous data are no longer personal data. UK Information Commissioners Office: data in a form that does not identify individuals and where identification through its combination with other data is not likely to take place[47 - Anonymised Data – Text: electronic. – https://digitalhealtheurope.eu (https://digitalhealtheurope.eu/) URL: https://digitalhealtheurope.eu/glossary/anonymised-data/ (https://digitalhealtheurope.eu/glossary/anonymised-data/) (date of request: 10.11.2022)].
Antivirus software is a program or set of programs that are designed to prevent, search for, detect, and remove software viruses, and other malicious software like worms, trojans, adware, and more[48 - Antivirus software – Text: electronic. – www.webroot.com (http://www.webroot.com/) (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.webroot.com/ca/en/resources/tips-articles/what-is-anti-virus-software (https://www.webroot.com/ca/en/resources/tips-articles/what-is-anti-virus-software)].
Anytime algorithm – an algorithm that can return a valid solution to a problem even if it is interrupted before it ends[49 - Anytime algorithm – Text: electronic. – https://dic.academic.ru (https://dic.academic.ru/) URL: https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/eng_rus/423258/anytime (https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/eng_rus/423258/anytime) (date of request: 27.01.2022)].
API economy is a business model where the use of application programming interfaces, or APIs, takes center stage. By using APIs, a company can, for instance, make their business processes or data available to others[50 - API economy – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (http://www.sofokus.com/) (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#ABCD (https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#ABCD)].
API-AS-a-service (AaaS) is an approach that combines API economy and software rental and provides application programming interfaces as a service[51 - API-AS-a-service – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (http://www.sofokus.com/) (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#ABCD (https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#ABCD)].
App Economy refers to the range of economic activity surrounding mobile applications. Mobile apps created new fortunes for entrepreneurs and changed the way business is done. The app economy encompasses the sale of apps, ad revenue or public relations generated by free apps, and the hardware devices on which apps are designed to run. Apps have helped shape the leaders in mobile technology. Apple Inc., which was first out of the gate with the promotion of its App Store in 2008, gained a large chunk of market share with its iPhone. Apps were part of the iPhone’s initial draw. Android has since gained ground with its Android Market, which peddles apps for Android-based phones. Apps are also affecting a shift for online businesses, which are often accessed through an app on a mobile device, rather than over the Web. As a result, websites that get most of their revenue through online ads have had to consider what apps mean to their business model[52 - App Economy – Text: electronic. – www.techopedia.com (http://www.techopedia.com/) (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/28141/app-economy (https://www.techopedia.com/definition/28141/app-economy)].
Application (application program) is a software program that runs on your computer such as Web browsers, e-mail programs, word processors, games, and utilities. The word «application» is used because each program has a specific application for the user[53 - Application (application program) – Text: electronic. – https://www.trendminer.com (https://www.trendminer.com/) URL: https://www.trendminer.com/iiot-glossary/ (https://www.trendminer.com/iiot-glossary/) (date of request: 25.02.2023)].
Application Domain is a functional domain for application logic implementation[54 - Application Domain – Text: electronic. – https://www.freewave.com (https://www.freewave.com/) URL: https://www.freewave.com/freewaves-industrial-internet-of-things-iiot-glossary/ (https://www.freewave.com/freewaves-industrial-internet-of-things-iiot-glossary/) (date of request: 25.02.2023)].
Application Programming Interface (API) is a way for computers to talk to hardware or software platforms in a less complicated way. Also, Application programming interface or API is a communication channel through which two pieces of software (e.g. two digital platforms) can exchange information in a technical manner. APIs are central to the API economy and the platform economy, for instance[55 - Application Programming Interface (API) – Text: electronic. – https://www.link-labs.com (https://www.link-labs.com/) URL: https://www.link-labs.com/top-iot-terms-you-need-to-know#applicationprogramminginterface (https://www.link-labs.com/top-iot-terms-you-need-to-know#applicationprogramminginterface) (date of request: 25.02.2023)],[56 - Application programming interface, or API – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (http://www.sofokus.com/) (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#ABCD (https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#ABCD)].
Application security is the process of making apps more secure by finding, fixing, and enhancing the security of apps. Much of this happens during the development phase, but it includes tools and methods to protect apps once they are deployed. This is becoming more important as hackers increasingly target applications with their attacks[57 - Application security – Text: electronic. – www.csoonline.com (http://www.csoonline.com/) (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.csoonline.com/article/3315700/what-is-application-security-a-process-and-tools-for-securing-software.html (https://www.csoonline.com/article/3315700/what-is-application-security-a-process-and-tools-for-securing-software.html)].
